余(yu)熱(re)利用(yong)(yong)：玻璃，冶(ye)金，冶(ye)煉(lian)，石油化(hua)工(gong)，建筑材料，陶(tao)瓷，輕紡等(deng)工(gong)業(ye)領域(yu)中(zhong)，含280度以(yi)上的煙塵（或其它高溫污染性(xing)氣體）的廢(fei)熱(re)回(hui)收。也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)，任何排煙溫度超過(guo)280℃的工(gong)業(ye)鍋(guo)爐(lu)、流化(hua)床鍋(guo)爐(lu)、導(dao)熱(re)油爐(lu)、冶(ye)煉(lian)爐(lu)、冶(ye)金爐(lu)、高爐(lu)熱(re)風爐(lu)、加熱(re)爐(lu)，以(yi)及化(hua)肥廠、造(zao)紙廠都可使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。余(yu)熱(re)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)一(yi)定經濟(ji)(ji)技(ji)術條(tiao)件下，在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)設備(bei)中(zhong)沒有被利用(yong)(yong)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)多余(yu)、廢(fei)棄的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)[1]。余(yu)熱(re)回(hui)收利用(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)提(ti)高經濟(ji)(ji)性(xing)、節約(yue)燃料的一(yi)條(tiao)重(zhong)要途徑。余(yu)熱(re)回(hui)收利用(yong)(yong)的優點(dian)：提(ti)高經濟(ji)(ji)性(xing)、節約(yue)燃料；原(yuan)(yuan)理則(ze)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)設備(bei)中(zhong)沒有被利用(yong)(yong)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)；利用(yong)(yong)的原(yuan)(yuan)料是(shi)(shi)高溫廢(fei)氣余(yu)熱(re)、冷卻介質余(yu)熱(re)。鍋(guo)爐(lu)煙道余(yu)熱(re)回(hui)收換熱(re)器。湖州質量(liang)余(yu)熱(re)利用(yong)(yong)技(ji)術

2.蒸汽(qi)(qi)渦(wo)輪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術：蒸汽(qi)(qi)渦(wo)輪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)一種將高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)(gao)壓蒸汽(qi)(qi)轉化(hua)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)將工(gong)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)轉化(hua)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)。例如(ru)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)化(hua)工(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)，高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)(gao)壓的(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)蒸汽(qi)(qi)渦(wo)輪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或自用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。3.熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)技(ji)術：熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)是(shi)一種將低(di)溫(wen)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)為高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)將工(gong)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)轉化(hua)為高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)。例如(ru)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)食品加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)，廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)蒸汽(qi)(qi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)或蒸煮。二、余(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)回收(shou)(shou)(shou)再(zai)(zai)(zai)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢和(he)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)余(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)回收(shou)(shou)(shou)再(zai)(zai)(zai)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)具(ju)有以(yi)(yi)下幾個優(you)勢：1.節能(neng)(neng)減排：余(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)回收(shou)(shou)(shou)再(zai)(zai)(zai)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)將工(gong)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)轉化(hua)為能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，減少能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)浪費和(he)環境污(wu)染，達到節能(neng)(neng)減排的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。2.經濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)：余(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)回收(shou)(shou)(shou)再(zai)(zai)(zai)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)降低(di)企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)本，提高(gao)(gao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)(xiao)率和(he)經濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。例如(ru)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)鋼鐵生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)，廢(fei)(fei)(fei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)回收(shou)(shou)(shou)再(zai)(zai)(zai)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)降低(di)燃料成(cheng)本，提高(gao)(gao)爐溫(wen)和(he)產(chan)量，增加(jia)企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)利潤。3.社會效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)：余(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)回收(shou)(shou)(shou)再(zai)(zai)(zai)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)減少環境污(wu)染和(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)耗，改(gai)善環境質(zhi)量和(he)人(ren)民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活水平，具(ju)有重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)社會效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。余(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)回收(shou)(shou)(shou)再(zai)(zai)(zai)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍非常，涉及到鋼鐵、化(hua)工(gong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)、建材(cai)、食品等多個行業。例如(ru)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)鋼鐵生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)，高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)爐氣(qi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)交換器，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蒸汽(qi)(qi)或熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)或發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；在(zai)(zai)(zai)化(hua)工(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)，高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)(gao)壓的(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)蒸汽(qi)(qi)渦(wo)輪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組。

蘇州(zhou)設備余熱利(li)用廠家煙氣、廢水、廢氣等余熱回收節能(neng)。

我國目前余(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)途徑(jing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)三(san)種：第(di)一種是(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)交換(huan)；是(shi)(shi)(shi)回收(shou)(shou)工(gong)業余(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)直接(jie)、效率較高的(de)經(jing)濟方(fang)法，該類途徑(jing)不改變余(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)量的(de)形式(shi)，只是(shi)(shi)(shi)通過換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)設備將余(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)量直接(jie)傳遞給自身工(gong)藝的(de)耗(hao)能(neng)流程(cheng)，降低(di)一次能(neng)源消耗(hao)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)式(shi)有(you)間壁式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)、余(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)鍋(guo)(guo)爐、蓄熱(re)(re)(re)式(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)交換(huan)、熱(re)(re)(re)管的(de)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)等。第(di)二種是(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)工(gong)轉換(huan)；利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)熱(re)(re)(re)功轉換(huan)可提高余(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)品(pin)位。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要采用(yong)(yong)(yong)余(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)鍋(guo)(guo)爐發電，是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)業余(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要形式(shi)；第(di)三(san)種是(shi)(shi)(shi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)熱(re)(re)(re)泵(溴(xiu)冷機(ji))系統回收(shou)(shou)余(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)，適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于工(gong)業和民(min)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)低(di)溫(wen)余(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)回收(shou)(shou)。

余熱(re)(re)(re)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)是(shi)工業(ye)鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)效(xiao)率低的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原因之一，結合實(shi)際情況，根據(ju)工業(ye)鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)余熱(re)(re)(re)回收措施，就余熱(re)(re)(re)回收技術的(de)(de)(de)應用實(shi)際、節能減(jian)排(pai)效(xiao)果進行有效(xiao)分析，鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)熱(re)(re)(re)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)主要(yao)有排(pai)煙熱(re)(re)(re)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)、化(hua)學不(bu)完全燃(ran)燒的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)、機械(xie)不(bu)完全燃(ran)燒熱(re)(re)(re)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)、散熱(re)(re)(re)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)、灰渣物理熱(re)(re)(re)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)，就工業(ye)鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)而言(yan)，為(wei)了提高(gao)機組的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率，主要(yao)是(shi)通過(guo)調(diao)整運行方式盡量(liang)(liang)減(jian)少降低各種熱(re)(re)(re)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)并且(qie)提高(gao)蒸(zheng)汽參數提升能源使用的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率，減(jian)少減(jian)溫水量(liang)(liang)和(he)排(pai)污(wu)量(liang)(liang)。隨著余熱(re)(re)(re)回收的(de)(de)(de)概念被(bei)推廣，余熱(re)(re)(re)回收也(ye)成為(wei)除了運行參數以外提高(gao)電(dian)站熱(re)(re)(re)效(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)手段(duan)。如何開(kai)展(zhan)鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)尾部煙氣(qi)余熱(re)(re)(re)利用?

燒結余(yu)熱(re)(re)回(hui)收(shou)裝置的(de)投資費(fei)用(yong)(yong)較大(da)(da)(da)，是否對燒結機(ji)或冷卻機(ji)實施余(yu)熱(re)(re)回(hui)收(shou)還需要視(shi)全廠的(de)蒸汽需要情況(kuang)進行技術經(jing)濟分(fen)(fen)析后才(cai)能(neng)(neng)作出決斷。冷卻機(ji)廢氣屬于(yu)中(zhong)低溫熱(re)(re)源，其中(zhong)中(zhong)溫部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)300℃)的(de)開發技術比(bi)較成熟，用(yong)(yong)作點(dian)火器或保溫爐的(de)助燃風，生產蒸汽或余(yu)熱(re)(re)發電。而(er)低溫部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(200℃左右(you)，約占(zhan)廢氣的(de)2/3)，由于(yu)熱(re)(re)效率低，應用(yong)(yong)的(de)很少。在鋼(gang)鐵生產過程中(zhong)，燒結工序(xu)(xu)的(de)能(neng)(neng)耗約占(zhan)總能(neng)(neng)耗的(de)10%，次于(yu)煉鐵工序(xu)(xu)而(er)位居第二。在燒結工序(xu)(xu)總能(neng)(neng)耗中(zhong)，有近50%的(de)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)以燒結機(ji)煙氣和冷卻機(ji)廢氣的(de)顯熱(re)(re)形式排入大(da)(da)(da)氣，既浪費(fei)了熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)又污染了環境。由于(yu)燒結廢氣的(de)溫度(du)不高，以往人們對這部(bu)分(fen)(fen)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)的(de)回(hui)收(shou)利(li)用(yong)(yong)重視(shi)不夠。但實際上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)有文章(zhang)可(ke)做，因(yin)為燒結廢氣不僅數量大(da)(da)(da)，而(er)且(qie)可(ke)供回(hui)收(shou)的(de)熱(re)(re)量也大(da)(da)(da)。常(chang)見余(yu)熱(re)(re)利(li)用(yong)(yong)方法及熱(re)(re)管余(yu)熱(re)(re)回(hui)收(shou)利(li)用(yong)(yong)。怎(zen)么做余(yu)熱(re)(re)利(li)用(yong)(yong)系統

利(li)(li)用換熱器(qi)將煙氣、乏汽等余熱進行回收利(li)(li)用到原生產線中。湖州質(zhi)量余熱利(li)(li)用技術

余熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)用主要(yao)有兩種(zhong)功能：一是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)低品質蒸汽供生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活所需(xu)；二是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)高壓蒸汽用來發電[3]。節能降耗(hao)是(shi)冶(ye)金(jin)企(qi)業長期的(de)(de)(de)戰略任務。冶(ye)金(jin)企(qi)業從原料(liao)、焦化、燒結到煉(lian)(lian)鐵(tie)、煉(lian)(lian)鋼(gang)、連鑄(zhu)以及軋鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大量(liang)(liang)(liang)含(han)有可利(li)(li)用熱(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)、廢(fei)水、廢(fei)渣，同時在(zai)各工序(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)存在(zai)著(zhu)含(han)有可利(li)(li)用能量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)中間(jian)產(chan)(chan)品和(he)(he)半成品。充分回收和(he)(he)利(li)(li)用這(zhe)些能量(liang)(liang)(liang)，是(shi)企(qi)業現(xian)代化程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)標志之(zhi)(zhi)一。若(ruo)能按工藝要(yao)求提供合適熱(re)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)氣(qi)(qi)作(zuo)能源，還有利(li)(li)于改善產(chan)(chan)品質量(liang)(liang)(liang)。但是(shi)由于企(qi)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)結構和(he)(he)工業爐窯配置等原因(yin)，我(wo)國許多(duo)冶(ye)金(jin)企(qi)業仍排(pai)放(fang)大量(liang)(liang)(liang)廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)。這(zhe)是(shi)造成企(qi)業能源消耗(hao)高的(de)(de)(de)一個重(zhong)要(yao)原因(yin)。湖州質量(liang)(liang)(liang)余熱(re)利(li)(li)用技術

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