管棚(peng)管的應用范圍是什么(me)？如何(he)進行(xing)施工呢？一(yi)般常(chang)見的應用一(yi)共有五(wu)個領域，現在貴州合縱達(da)小編(bian)給您詳細(xi)介紹(shao)一(yi)下，并且給您介紹(shao)一(yi)下常(chang)見的管棚(peng)施工方法。

應用范圍：1.隧道出入口、淺覆(fu)蓋(gai)地帶；

2.穿越軟弱地層、破碎帶；

3.下穿(chuan)高(gao)速公路、鐵(tie)路及(ji)其他建筑物；

4.對地(di)面沉降有特別(bie)要(yao)求的地(di)段(duan)；

5.下(xia)穿(chuan)河底、湖底或海底。

管(guan)棚(peng)施工：使(shi)(shi)用(yong)水(shui)平鉆機在隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)開挖(wa)(wa)前的(de)(de)(de)拱(gong)部(bu)區域按設(she)(she)計孔數、間距和(he)(he)深度鉆設(she)(she)水(shui)平孔，埋設(she)(she)管(guan)壁預(yu)鉆有(you)(you)孔眼的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)管(guan)，并通過管(guan)壁預(yu)鉆孔眼注入(ru)水(shui)泥漿以加(jia)固土(tu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)和(he)(he)提(ti)高管(guan)棚(peng)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)剛度，使(shi)(shi)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)拱(gong)部(bu)預(yu)先形(xing)成(cheng)一傘狀鋼(gang)管(guan)棚(peng)，此結(jie)構本身具抗(kang)(kang)剪性能(neng),可有(you)(you)效承(cheng)載上覆(fu)局部(bu)松軟土(tu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)荷載，且使(shi)(shi)被加(jia)固土(tu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)剪強(qiang)度有(you)(you)較大幅度的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高，從(cong)而在隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)開挖(wa)(wa)而拱(gong)部(bu)支(zhi)(zhi)護未施工或(huo)未發揮作用(yong)時提(ti)供(gong)上覆(fu)土(tu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)撐力，減小或(huo)消(xiao)除因隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)開挖(wa)(wa)引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)地面(mian)沉降和(he)(he)臨(lin)近管(guan)線的(de)(de)(de)變形(xing)，確保(bao)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)開挖(wa)(wa)安(an)全。管(guan)棚(peng)是利用(yong)鋼(gang)管(guan)作為縱(zong)向(xiang)支(zhi)(zhi)撐，鋼(gang)拱(gong)架(jia)作為橫(heng)向(xiang)環(huan)形(xing)支(zhi)(zhi)撐，構成(cheng)縱(zong)、橫(heng)向(xiang)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。管(guan)棚(peng)管(guan)

管(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)：1、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)前(qian)(qian)(qian)，檢查鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)各部分運轉(zhuan)是否(fou)(fou)正常(chang)，更換異常(chang)部件，檢查水壓是否(fou)(fou)能滿足施(shi)工要求;然后埋好鋼拱，固(gu)定套管(guan)(guan)(guan)，將套管(guan)(guan)(guan)與(yu)鋼拱焊接在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起(qi)，在(zai)(zai)固(gu)定套管(guan)(guan)(guan)之前(qian)(qian)(qian)，將管(guan)(guan)(guan)道位置調整到(dao)正確的(de)位置。從兩邊到(dao)中間(jian)依(yi)次安(an)(an)裝鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)。鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)安(an)(an)裝牢固(gu)，防止擺動(dong)位移、傾(qing)斜(xie)和(he)(he)下沉。鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)與(yu)工作面的(de)距離一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)(bu)小于2m。2、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，為了克(ke)服(fu)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)后鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具自(zi)重(zhong)造成(cheng)的(de)下垂(chui)現(xian)象，鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)應與(yu)導管(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)致，仰角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)比線(xian)(xian)中心(xin)線(xian)(xian)高1°，即(ji)外傾(qing)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為1°，以保(bao)(bao)證鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)后管(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)不(bu)(bu)侵界。鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)定位可(ke)結(jie)合指南針、經緯儀和(he)(he)掛線(xian)(xian)，確保(bao)(bao)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)張角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)一(yi)致。開鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，先低(di)速(su)低(di)壓，成(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)幾(ji)米(mi)后加速(su)加壓。方位角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)由羅(luo)盤測量(liang)(liang)(liang)，用(yong)于井(jing)斜(xie)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)，并(bing)控制(zhi)(zhi)水平偏(pian)(pian)差。當(dang)井(jing)眼形成(cheng)一(yi)半時(shi)(shi)(shi)，用(yong)фф108毫米(mi)套管(guan)(guan)(guan)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)控制(zhi)(zhi)向上或(huo)(huo)向下的(de)側傾(qing)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，以確定偏(pian)(pian)差。3、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)根據情況確定是否(fou)(fou)加泥(ni)漿或(huo)(huo)水泥(ni)漿鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)，當(dang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)到(dao)砂(sha)(sha)層容易塌孔(kong)(kong)(kong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應在(zai)(zai)繼(ji)續鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)前(qian)(qian)(qian)加泥(ni)漿護壁;如果塌孔(kong)(kong)(kong)嚴重(zhong)，可(ke)加水泥(ni)漿或(huo)(huo)化學漿護壁繼(ji)續;如果不(bu)(bu)能成(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)，可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)前(qian)(qian)(qian)端(duan)加套管(guan)(guan)(guan)或(huo)(huo)直接焊接鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)。4、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)速(su)度應保(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個恒定的(de)速(su)度，特別是當(dang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭遇到(dao)泥(ni)砂(sha)(sha)層時(shi)(shi)(shi)，要控制(zhi)(zhi)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)速(su)度，避免出現(xian)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)現(xian)象。5、為避免鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿過長、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭因自(zi)重(zhong)下垂(chui)或(huo)(huo)漂石鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)方向不(bu)(bu)易控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)現(xian)象。成(cheng)都(dou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)采購超(chao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)支(zhi)護方法(fa)(fa)主(zhu)要包括：管(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)法(fa)(fa)，機(ji)械(xie)預切糟法(fa)(fa)，超(chao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)小導管(guan)(guan)(guan)法(fa)(fa)，超(chao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)錨桿法(fa)(fa)、凍結(jie)法(fa)(fa)等等。

管(guan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)或稱傘拱法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，是地(di)下結(jie)構工(gong)程淺埋(mai)暗挖(wa)(wa)(wa)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)超(chao)前(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)結(jie)構。其實質(zhi)是在(zai)(zai)擬開挖(wa)(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)下隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)或結(jie)構工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)襯(chen)砌拱圈隱埋(mai)弧(hu)線(xian)上，預(yu)先(xian)鉆(zhan)孔并(bing)安設(she)慣性力矩較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚壁鋼(gang)管(guan)，起臨時超(chao)前(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，防止土層(ceng)坍塌(ta)和(he)地(di)表下沉，以保證掘進與后續支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)工(gong)藝(yi)安全運作(zuo)(zuo)。一、應(ying)用(yong)管(guan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)超(chao)前(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是近年發(fa)展起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)在(zai)(zai)軟(ruan)弱圍巖中(zhong)進行(xing)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)掘進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新技(ji)術。管(guan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)早(zao)是作(zuo)(zuo)為隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)輔助(zhu)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，在(zai)(zai)軟(ruan)巖隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)穿越(yue)破(po)碎帶、松散帶、軟(ruan)弱地(di)層(ceng)，涌水、涌砂(sha)層(ceng)發(fa)揮了重要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。由于(yu)(yu)預(yu)埋(mai)超(chao)前(qian)管(guan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)做頂板及(ji)側壁支(zhi)(zhi)撐．為后續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)開挖(wa)(wa)(wa)奠定了堅實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎，且施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)快、安全性高、工(gong)期短．被認為是隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)解(jie)決冒頂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。隨后管(guan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)被用(yong)于(yu)(yu)城市地(di)下鐵道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暗挖(wa)(wa)(wa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)，在(zai)(zai)建筑(zhu)物密集、交通繁忙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城市中(zhong)心地(di)區．采(cai)用(yong)明挖(wa)(wa)(wa)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)地(di)下工(gong)程必須拆遷大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)層(ceng)管(guan)網和(he)地(di)面(mian)建筑(zhu)物，隨著(zhu)(zhu)人們對環境保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)呼(hu)聲越(yue)來越(yue)高及(ji)對環保的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)益重視，承包商們不(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)放棄既影響交通又(you)不(bu)(bu)利于(yu)(yu)環境保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明挖(wa)(wa)(wa)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)而改用(yong)暗挖(wa)(wa)(wa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，管(guan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)為一種(zhong)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暗挖(wa)(wa)(wa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)日(ri)本、美國及(ji)歐(ou)洲各國被采(cai)用(yong)。管(guan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)鉆(zhan)機是管(guan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術中(zhong)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是沿著(zhu)(zhu)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)斷面(mian)外輪廓超(chao)前(qian)鉆(zhan)進并(bing)安設(she)管(guan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)。

或工字鋼與格柵(zha)鋼架間隔使用，間距一(yi)般不大于(yu)1米，特殊情況下需加密。管(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)布置(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)式門型(xing)布置(zhi)(zhi)門型(xing)布置(zhi)(zhi)全周(zhou)布置(zhi)(zhi)與上部一(yi)側布置(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)布置(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)式管(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)施(shi)工工藝流程鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)流程注漿流程成孔(kong)(kong)(kong)方法(fa)(fa)：常用的施(shi)工方法(fa)(fa)有夯管(guan)(guan)(guan)法(fa)(fa)、頂管(guan)(guan)(guan)法(fa)(fa)、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)等。但(dan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)目前常用的成孔(kong)(kong)(kong)方法(fa)(fa)。隨著鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)探(tan)設(she)備的專業化(hua)分(fen)工越(yue)來越(yue)細，管(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機也應運而生。但(dan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)為(wei)近水(shui)平鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，性(xing)質上與勘探(tan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)有所(suo)(suo)不同，對鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)方向(空間位置(zhi)(zhi))的精(jing)度要求很高，終孔(kong)(kong)(kong)測(ce)量一(yi)旦發現(xian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)斜或超(chao)出設(she)計允許(xu)偏差，會造成嚴重的后(hou)果。鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)方法(fa)(fa)：常規回(hui)轉鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)——硬質合金（刮刀、牙輪等）鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)；常規風(feng)動(dong)潛(qian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)錘(chui)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)；ODEX法(fa)(fa)——風(feng)動(dong)潛(qian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)錘(chui)跟管(guan)(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)；雙(shuang)動(dong)力頭跟管(guan)(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)；長螺旋跟管(guan)(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。潛(qian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)錘(chui)跟管(guan)(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)“土(tu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)”跟管(guan)(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)法(fa)(fa)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)錘(chui)通過焊在套(tao)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭和(he)(he)潛(qian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)靴（3）內(nei)(nei)(nei)壁上的三個(ge)(ge)凸(tu)(tu)(tu)塊（4）來控(kong)制中心。當偏心鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭向下伸(shen)出套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)靴時，凸(tu)(tu)(tu)塊處(chu)于(yu)控(kong)制潛(qian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)錘(chui)位置(zhi)(zhi)，這時實現(xian)偏心擴孔(kong)(kong)(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)同時跟進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，當鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)完成鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具往上提拉(la)時，凸(tu)(tu)(tu)塊位于(yu)控(kong)制鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭置(zhi)(zhi)，且有一(yi)凸(tu)(tu)(tu)塊嵌入鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭體凹(ao)槽(cao)，偏心鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭即(ji)可進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)并提出地表。“海(hai)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)”跟管(guan)(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)法(fa)(fa)“海(hai)王(wang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)”跟管(guan)(guan)(guan)系統如圖2-9所(suo)(suo)示(shi)，這種(zhong)系統的內(nei)(nei)(nei)外管(guan)(guan)(guan)系統基本(ben)和(he)(he)“土(tu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)“跟管(guan)(guan)(guan)系統相似(si)，內(nei)(nei)(nei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)定心是(shi)通過回(hui)轉內(nei)(nei)(nei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)（3）。先行施(shi)設(she)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)，以掌子(zi)面(mian)和(he)(he)后(hou)方支(zhi)撐為(wei)支(zhi)點，形(xing)成一(yi)個(ge)(ge)梁式結構。

其中(zhong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)法(fa)(fa)、水(shui)(shui)平旋噴注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)法(fa)(fa)、小(xiao)導管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)法(fa)(fa)等(deng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)同時也改良和加(jia)(jia)固了地(di)(di)(di)(di)層。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)就是(shi)把一(yi)組鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)沿開挖輪廓外(wai)己鉆好的(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)中(zhong)打入(ru)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層內(nei)，并與鋼拱架組合形成強大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)棚(peng)(peng)架預(yu)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)加(jia)(jia)固體(ti)系，支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承來自于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)上部的(de)(de)(de)(de)荷載(zai)，通過鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)梅花(hua)形布置的(de)(de)(de)(de)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)加(jia)(jia)壓(ya)向(xiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層中(zhong)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)，以(yi)加(jia)(jia)固軟弱(ruo)破(po)碎的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層，提高(gao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)自穩能(neng)力。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)一(yi)種長距(ju)離(li)(li)超前(qian)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，超前(qian)距(ju)離(li)(li)長，剛度較大(da)(da)，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)掌子面不能(neng)自穩、含水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層，控制地(di)(di)(di)(di)表沉(chen)降、防滲止水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果較好，施工工藝要(yao)求(qiu)較高(gao)。如將管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)與小(xiao)導管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)補充注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)法(fa)(fa)結(jie)合，除具有(you)大(da)(da)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點外(wai)，能(neng)夠防止管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)下(xia)(xia)方(fang)(fang)三角土(tu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塌(ta)(ta)落，這種長短結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)效果更為(wei)理想。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍根(gen)據國內(nei)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工實踐(jian)，綜合我國目前(qian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)工程管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際案例，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)可(ke)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)：軟弱(ruo)砂(sha)土(tu)質地(di)(di)(di)(di)層、砂(sha)卵礫石地(di)(di)(di)(di)層，膨脹性軟流(liu)塑(su)、硬(ying)可(ke)塑(su)狀粉質粘土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層，裂隙發育巖(yan)體(ti)、突泥(ni)突水(shui)(shui)段、斷層破(po)碎帶、塌(ta)(ta)方(fang)(fang)段、破(po)碎土(tu)巖(yan)堆地(di)(di)(di)(di)段、淺埋(mai)大(da)(da)偏壓(ya)等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質和地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)豐富條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)構筑物施工的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)，隧(sui)道(dao)進出口段開挖的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)，也多(duo)(duo)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)鐵等(deng)穿越城區的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)開挖預(yu)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)，可(ke)作為(wei)穿越既有(you)建筑物、公路、鐵路及地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)結(jie)構物下(xia)(xia)方(fang)(fang)修建隧(sui)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助(zhu)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)不一(yi)定只(zhi)在洞口用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，在比較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塌(ta)(ta)方(fang)(fang)中(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)得也很多(duo)(duo)。柳(liu)州隧(sui)道(dao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)棚(peng)(peng)生產(chan)廠家(jia)

陜西(xi)跟管(guan)、管(guan)棚、鋼花(hua)管(guan)，合(he)縱達鋼結構，實力(li)廠(chang)家。管(guan)棚管(guan)

借助(zhu)一(yi)個螺旋伸縮接頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)（8）和(he)套(tao)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)潛(qian)孔錘外(wai)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)帶(dai)有(you)(you)凸臺(tai)（7）的(de)(de)套(tao)筒（6）一(yi)齊向下移動(dong)，使(shi)凸臺(tai)座(zuo)落(luo)在(zai)套(tao)管(guan)(guan)（4）底部(bu)(bu)套(tao)管(guan)(guan)靴（5）內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)臺(tai)階上。此(ci)時將潛(qian)孔錘（1）擠(ji)向一(yi)側，并實現偏心(xin)(xin)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)（2）的(de)(de)擴底鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)，偏心(xin)(xin)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)進(jin)入套(tao)管(guan)(guan)并能(neng)提(ti)到地表(biao)。為防止套(tao)管(guan)(guan)靴內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)磨損，其(qi)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)在(zai)與(yu)凸臺(tai)相(xiang)對應(ying)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)上設有(you)(you)耐磨環。潛(qian)孔錘跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)按鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)能(neng)否改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)可分(fen)為兩大(da)類：即鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)不變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)目前(qian)主要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)單偏心(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、雙（三）偏心(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)向變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)等(deng)結(jie)構(gou)。除單偏心(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)屬于偏心(xin)(xin)跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)外(wai)，其(qi)余結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)由于鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)翼瓣在(zai)張斂的(de)(de)過程中沿鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中心(xin)(xin)軸線是對稱的(de)(de)，因此(ci)應(ying)屬于同(tong)(tong)心(xin)(xin)跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)不變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)均(jun)采用(yong)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)結(jie)構(gou)，一(yi)般套(tao)管(guan)(guan)需要(yao)(yao)回轉，此(ci)類鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)屬同(tong)(tong)心(xin)(xin)跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。相(xiang)對來說鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)比例較大(da)，約占市場使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)95%，這都是由它(ta)的(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)特點所決定的(de)(de)。鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)不變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)跟(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)缺點：1、鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)時，內(nei)(nei)外(wai)管(guan)(guan)同(tong)(tong)時回轉，易造成內(nei)(nei)外(wai)管(guan)(guan)之間的(de)(de)環狀間隙(xi)被巖粉堵塞或被大(da)塊巖屑卡住，造成內(nei)(nei)管(guan)(guan)反轉失靈，內(nei)(nei)外(wai)管(guan)(guan)無法分(fen)離。這種方法需要(yao)(yao)大(da)扭(niu)矩的(de)(de)回轉鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)，能(neng)源消耗(hao)大(da)，不利于環保。管(guan)(guan)棚管(guan)(guan)

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