供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)指將(jiang)產(chan)(chan)品或服(fu)(fu)務從(cong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)傳(chuan)遞(di)到客(ke)戶(hu)的一系(xi)列(lie)過(guo)程(cheng)，包括采(cai)(cai)購、制(zhi)造、分(fen)(fen)銷、物流和(he)客(ke)戶(hu)服(fu)(fu)務等(deng)(deng)(deng)環(huan)節。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)一系(xi)列(lie)相互關聯的活(huo)動(dong)和(he)流程(cheng)，旨(zhi)在(zai)將(jiang)原(yuan)材料、零(ling)部件和(he)成品從(cong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)轉移(yi)到客(ke)戶(hu)手(shou)(shou)中(zhong)(zhong)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)(zhong)的各個環(huan)節包括供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)、制(zhi)造商(shang)、分(fen)(fen)銷商(shang)、零(ling)售商(shang)和(he)客(ke)戶(hu)。它(ta)們通(tong)過(guo)一系(xi)列(lie)的物流、庫存管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、采(cai)(cai)購、生產(chan)(chan)、分(fen)(fen)銷和(he)銷售等(deng)(deng)(deng)環(huan)節進行(xing)協調和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的目標是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)小化成本(ben)、提(ti)高效率和(he)質量、優化庫存管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)和(he)運輸(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)手(shou)(shou)段，使得(de)產(chan)(chan)品能夠快速地、可靠地、以(yi)低成本(ben)地被傳(chuan)遞(di)到客(ke)戶(hu)手(shou)(shou)中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)現代商(shang)業(ye)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)已經成為企業(ye)成功(gong)的重要組成部分(fen)(fen)，尤(you)其是(shi)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)球化和(he)電子商(shang)務的背景下，它(ta)變(bian)得(de)更加復(fu)雜和(he)關鍵。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)需要考慮(lv)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)數(shu)據安全(quan)(quan)，如(ru)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)數(shu)據、防范數(shu)據泄露(lu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，保(bao)(bao)障供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)數(shu)據的安全(quan)(quan)性和(he)保(bao)(bao)密性。茂名(ming)物流供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)公(gong)司流程(cheng)

推拉結(jie)合(he)的(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)：推動(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)（供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)上游供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)一端是以預測驅動(dong)(dong)的(de)生產和(he)(he)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)）和(he)(he)拉動(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)（以客(ke)戶需(xu)求(qiu)驅動(dong)(dong)）。供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)運行機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)：1.合(he)作(zuo)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)（體現了戰略(lve)合(he)作(zuo)伙伴關系(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)內外(wai)資源的(de)集(ji)成(cheng)與(yu)優化(hua)利用。基于(yu)時間(jian)的(de)競(jing)爭和(he)(he)價值鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)及價值讓渡系(xi)(xi)統管(guan)(guan)理或基于(yu)價值的(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理）；2.決策機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)（基于(yu)互聯網(wang)/物(wu)聯網(wang)的(de)開放性(xing)信(xin)(xin)息環境下的(de)群體決策模(mo)式(shi)(shi)）；3.激勵機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)；4.自律機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)；5.風險機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)；6.信(xin)(xin)任機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)基于(yu)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)擴展企(qi)業(ye)(ye)模(mo)型：“X”模(mo)型，將供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)、生產、分銷有機(ji)(ji)結(jie)合(he)，考慮(lv)產品與(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)造設計工作(zuo)和(he)(he)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)、分銷商(shang)甚至(zhi)顧(gu)客(ke)。實(shi)現信(xin)(xin)息共享和(he)(he)集(ji)成(cheng)。集(ji)成(cheng)化(hua)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理理論模(mo)型：由顧(gu)客(ke)化(hua)需(xu)求(qiu)-集(ji)成(cheng)計劃-業(ye)(ye)務流(liu)程重(zhong)組-面向對象的(de)過程控制(zhi)(zhi)組成(cheng)控制(zhi)(zhi)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)（作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)）；由顧(gu)客(ke)化(hua)策略(lve)-信(xin)(xin)息共享-調整適應(ying)(ying)(ying)性(xing)-創造性(xing)團隊(dui)組成(cheng)第二(er)個(ge)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)（策略(lve)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)）；在作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)的(de)每個(ge)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)形(xing)成(cheng)各種相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)性(xing)能評(ping)價與(yu)提高回(hui)(hui)路(lu)（性(xing)能評(ping)價回(hui)(hui)路(lu)）。廣州農產品供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)系(xi)(xi)統供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理需(xu)要考慮(lv)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)安全，如保障產品質量、防范(fan)惡意攻(gong)擊等(deng)，保障供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)安全性(xing)和(he)(he)穩定性(xing)。

根據功(gong)能(neng)(neng)性(xing)不(bu)同劃(hua)分(fen)：（1）有(you)效性(xing)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)體現供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)物理功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，即(ji)(ji)以低的(de)成本(ben)將原材料轉化成零部(bu)件(jian)、半成品、產品，以及在供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中的(de)運輸(shu)等。（2）反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)性(xing)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)體現供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)市場中介的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，即(ji)(ji)把(ba)產品分(fen)配到滿足(zu)用戶(hu)需(xu)(xu)求的(de)市場，對未預(yu)知的(de)需(xu)(xu)求做出快速(su)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)等。（3）創新(xin)性(xing)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)體現供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)客戶(hu)需(xu)(xu)求功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，即(ji)(ji)根據消費者(zhe)的(de)喜好或時尚的(de)引導(dao)，進而(er)調整產品內容與形式來滿足(zu)市場需(xu)(xu)求。根據供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中企業(ye)地位不(bu)同劃(hua)分(fen)，（1）盟主(zhu)(zhu)型供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：指供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中某(mou)一成員(yuan)的(de)節(jie)點企業(ye)在整個(ge)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中占(zhan)據主(zhu)(zhu)導(dao)地位，對其(qi)他成員(yuan)具有(you)很強的(de)輻射能(neng)(neng)力(li)和吸引能(neng)(neng)力(li)，通(tong)常稱該企業(ye)為關鍵企業(ye)或主(zhu)(zhu)導(dao)企業(ye)。（2）非(fei)盟主(zhu)(zhu)型供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：指供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中企業(ye)的(de)地位彼此差距不(bu)大，對供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)程(cheng)度相同。

VMI是一(yi)(yi)種供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)集成(cheng)化運作的(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)策代(dai)理(li)模式，它把用(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)庫存(cun)決(jue)策權代(dai)理(li)給(gei)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應商，由(you)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應商或(huo)批發(fa)商行(xing)使(shi)庫存(cun)決(jue)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)權力。是一(yi)(yi)種風險共(gong)擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)庫存(cun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)思想。是解決(jue)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)系統(tong)中(zhong)由(you)于各節點，企業相互獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)庫存(cun)運作模式而導致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“長鞭效應”，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)同(tong)(tong)步(bu)化程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種有效方(fang)法。優點：為實(shi)現(xian)(xian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)步(bu)化運作提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)了(le)條件(jian)和保證；減少了(le)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求扭(niu)曲現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，降(jiang)低了(le)庫存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)確定(ding)(ding)性，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了(le)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)性；庫存(cun)作為供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)雙方(fang)信息交流和協調紐帶，可以暴露供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺(que)陷，為改進(jin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)水平提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)依據；為實(shi)現(xian)(xian)零庫存(cun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、準時化采(cai)購(gou)以及精細(xi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)創造了(le)條件(jian)；進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)體現(xian)(xian)了(le)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)環境下的(de)(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)共(gong)享(xiang)和風險共(gong)擔原則(ze)。策略：建立(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)協調管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)機制(zhi)；建立(li)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)合作目標(biao)；建立(li)聯合庫存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)協調方(fang)法；建立(li)信息溝通與(yu)共(gong)享(xiang)系統(tong)；建立(li)利益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分配和激勵機制(zhi)；發(fa)揮不(bu)同(tong)(tong)資源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)；建立(li)快速(su)響(xiang)應系統(tong)；發(fa)揮第三方(fang)物流企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)需(xu)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)采(cai)購(gou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，以實(shi)現(xian)(xian)采(cai)購(gou)成(cheng)本(ben)控制(zhi)和供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)。

供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈的(de)(de)(de)類型(xing)眾多(duo)，按照(zhao)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)類標準(zhun)可(ke)分(fen)為不(bu)同(tong)(tong)類型(xing)：1、根據范圍不(bu)同(tong)(tong)劃分(fen)，1）內(nei)部(bu)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈：指企(qi)業(ye)(ye)內(nei)部(bu)產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)和(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)所涉及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)采購部(bu)門、生產(chan)部(bu)門、倉儲(chu)(chu)部(bu)門、銷售(shou)部(bu)門等組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)需(xu)網絡。（2）外(wai)部(bu)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈：指企(qi)業(ye)(ye)外(wai)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)，與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)相關的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)和(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)涉及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)原材(cai)料供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)、生產(chan)廠(chang)商(shang)(shang)(shang)、儲(chu)(chu)運商(shang)(shang)(shang)、零售(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)以及(ji)(ji)消費者(zhe)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)需(xu)網絡。內(nei)部(bu)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈和(he)(he)(he)外(wai)部(bu)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈共同(tong)(tong)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了企(qi)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)品(pin)從(cong)原材(cai)料到(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)到(dao)消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈。2、根據復雜(za)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度不(bu)同(tong)(tong)劃分(fen)，1）直(zhi)接型(xing)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈：在產(chan)品(pin)、服務(wu)、資金(jin)和(he)(he)(he)信息在往上(shang)(shang)游(you)和(he)(he)(he)下游(you)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)動過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，由公司(si)、此公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)和(he)(he)(he)此公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。（2）擴(kuo)展型(xing)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈：把直(zhi)接供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)和(he)(he)(he)直(zhi)接客戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu)包含(han)在內(nei)，左右這些成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)均參(can)與(yu)產(chan)品(pin)、服務(wu)、資金(jin)和(he)(he)(he)信息往上(shang)(shang)游(you)和(he)(he)(he)下游(you)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)動過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。（3）終端(duan)型(xing)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈：包括參(can)與(yu)產(chan)品(pin)、服務(wu)、資金(jin)、信息從(cong)終端(duan)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)到(dao)終端(duan)消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)所有往上(shang)(shang)游(you)和(he)(he)(he)下游(you)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)動過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)所有組(zu)織。供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈管理(li)需(xu)要進行(xing)社會(hui)責任(ren)管理(li)，以履行(xing)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)社會(hui)責任(ren)和(he)(he)(he)建立良好企(qi)業(ye)(ye)形象。廣州農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本是(shi)多(duo)少

供應鏈(lian)管理(li)需要考慮供應鏈(lian)創新(xin)，如采用(yong)新(xin)材(cai)料、新(xin)工藝等(deng)，提高產品品質和降低成本(ben)。茂(mao)名物流供應鏈(lian)管理(li)公司流程

供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)的(de)(de)概(gai)(gai)念(nian)是從擴大生產(chan)概(gai)(gai)念(nian)發(fa)展(zhan)來(lai)的(de)(de)，它(ta)(ta)將(jiang)企業的(de)(de)生產(chan)活動(dong)進行了(le)前伸和(he)(he)后延(yan)。日本豐田公(gong)司的(de)(de)精(jing)益協(xie)作(zuo)方式中就(jiu)將(jiang)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)活動(dong)視為(wei)生產(chan)活動(dong)的(de)(de)有機(ji)組成(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)而加以控制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)協(xie)調(diao)。哈(ha)理(li)(li)森（Harrison）將(jiang)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)定義為(wei)：“供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)是執行采(cai)購原材料，將(jiang)它(ta)(ta)們轉換為(wei)中間(jian)產(chan)品和(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)品，并且(qie)將(jiang)成(cheng)(cheng)品銷售(shou)到用戶的(de)(de)功(gong)能網鏈(lian)。”美國的(de)(de)史蒂文斯(si)（Stevens）認(ren)為(wei)：“通過增(zeng)值(zhi)過程和(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)銷渠(qu)道控制(zhi)(zhi)從供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)到用戶的(de)(de)流就(jiu)是供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)，它(ta)(ta)開始于供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)源(yuan)點，結束于消費的(de)(de)終點。”因此，供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)就(jiu)是通過計劃（Plan）、獲(huo)得（Obtain）、存儲（Store）、分(fen)(fen)銷（Distribute）、服(fu)務（Serve）等這樣一些活動(dong)而在顧客和(he)(he)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)之間(jian)形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)一種銜(xian)接（Interface），從而使(shi)企業能滿(man)足內(nei)外(wai)部(bu)顧客的(de)(de)需求。茂名物流供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管理(li)(li)公(gong)司流程

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