顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)使用方法：取鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)和(he)(he)安(an)放：右(you)手握住鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)臂，左(zuo)手托住鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)座。把(ba)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)放在實(shi)驗臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)，略偏(pian)左(zuo)（顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)放在距實(shi)驗臺(tai)邊緣7厘(li)米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)處(chu)）。安(an)裝(zhuang)好目鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)和(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)。對光(guang)(guang):轉(zhuan)動(dong)轉(zhuan)換(huan)器，使低倍物(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)對準(zhun)通(tong)(tong)光(guang)(guang)孔(物(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)前端與載物(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)要(yao)保持2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)距離)。把(ba)一個(ge)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)圈對準(zhun)通(tong)(tong)光(guang)(guang)孔。左(zuo)眼(yan)(yan)注視(shi)(shi)目鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)內(右(you)眼(yan)(yan)睜開，便于以(yi)后同(tong)時畫(hua)圖)。轉(zhuan)動(dong)反(fan)光(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)，使光(guang)(guang)線通(tong)(tong)過(guo)通(tong)(tong)光(guang)(guang)孔反(fan)射到鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒內。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)目鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)，可以(yi)看到白亮的(de)(de)視(shi)(shi)野。觀(guan)察:把(ba)所要(yao)觀(guan)察的(de)(de)玻(bo)片(pian)標(biao)(biao)本（也(ye)可以(yi)用印有“6”字的(de)(de)薄(bo)紙片(pian)制(zhi)成(cheng)）放在載物(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)，用壓(ya)(ya)片(pian)夾壓(ya)(ya)住，標(biao)(biao)本要(yao)正對通(tong)(tong)光(guang)(guang)孔的(de)(de)中(zhong)心。轉(zhuan)動(dong)粗準(zhun)焦螺旋，使鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒緩緩下降，直(zhi)到物(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)接近(jin)玻(bo)片(pian)標(biao)(biao)本為(wei)止（眼(yan)(yan)睛看著物(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)，以(yi)免物(wu)(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)碰到玻(bo)片(pian)標(biao)(biao)本）。左(zuo)眼(yan)(yan)向目鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)內看，同(tong)時反(fan)方向轉(zhuan)動(dong)粗準(zhun)焦螺旋，使鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)筒緩緩上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，直(zhi)到看清物(wu)(wu)(wu)像為(wei)止。近(jin)場光(guang)(guang)學(xue)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)采用極細孔徑的(de)(de)納米(mi)(mi)探頭在樣(yang)品表面(mian)附近(jin)進行探測。廣(guang)東(dong)徠卡S9體(ti)視(shi)(shi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)品牌

顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)，作(zuo)為在科學實驗中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個基本實驗儀器，它(ta)既神奇(qi)又簡(jian)單(dan)。說(shuo)它(ta)神奇(qi)，因為它(ta)能使(shi)觀(guan)察(cha)者“看(kan)得(de)更小”，能使(shi)物(wu)體“變得(de)更大(da)”，從而使(shi)人們領(ling)略(lve)到另外一(yi)個完(wan)全不同的(de)(de)(de)世(shi)界景觀(guan)。說(shuo)它(ta)簡(jian)單(dan)，是因為它(ta)就是一(yi)個可(ke)以放大(da)物(wu)體的(de)(de)(de)凸透鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)。光學顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)由兩組鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)片(目鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)和物(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing))組成，每組鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)片相(xiang)當于一(yi)個凸透鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)。物(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)焦距(ju)很短，目鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)焦距(ju)較長。工作(zuo)原理(li)：物(wu)體先經過物(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)成放大(da)的(de)(de)(de)實像，再經目鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)成放大(da)的(de)(de)(de)虛(xu)像，二次放大(da)，便能看(kan)清楚(chu)微(wei)小的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)體。廣州尼康顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)相(xiang)機批發(fa)光學顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)與電子(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)有很大(da)區別。

物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)是(shi)顯(xian)微鏡(jing)(jing)較重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光學部件，利用光線(xian)使(shi)被檢物(wu)(wu)體一(yi)次成(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)，因而(er)直接(jie)關(guan)系和(he)(he)(he)影響成(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)各項光學技術參數，是(shi)衡量(liang)一(yi)臺顯(xian)微鏡(jing)(jing)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首要標準(zhun)。國際物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)標準(zhun)是(shi)以蔡司物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)為基準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構復雜，制作精密(mi)，由(you)于對(dui)像(xiang)(xiang)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)校正，金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)筒內由(you)相(xiang)隔一(yi)定距離并(bing)被固定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透鏡(jing)(jing)組組合而(er)成(cheng)。物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)有許多具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，如合軸(zhou),齊(qi)焦。齊(qi)焦既是(shi)在鏡(jing)(jing)檢時，當用某一(yi)倍率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)觀察圖像(xiang)(xiang)清晰后(hou)，在轉換(huan)另一(yi)倍率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)時，其(qi)成(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)亦(yi)應基本清晰，而(er)且像(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中心偏離也應該在一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍內，也就(jiu)是(shi)合軸(zhou)程(cheng)度(du)。齊(qi)焦性能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優劣和(he)(he)(he)合軸(zhou)程(cheng)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高低(di)是(shi)顯(xian)微鏡(jing)(jing)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要標志，它是(shi)與物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本身(shen)質量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)轉換(huan)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精度(du)有關(guan)。

透射電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)顯微(wei)(wei)鏡：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)束透過(guo)(guo)樣品然后成(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)。與(yu)普通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生物(wu)透射顯微(wei)(wei)鏡較基(ji)本(ben)工作(zuo)機制相同，只是利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)作(zuo)為(wei)粒子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)德(de)布(bu)羅意波長更短的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，達到(dao)更精細的(de)(de)(de)(de)分辨率。掃描(miao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)顯微(wei)(wei)鏡：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)照到(dao)樣本(ben)表面(mian)(mian)，反射成(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)，這種顯微(wei)(wei)鏡只能(neng)觀察樣本(ben)表面(mian)(mian)。掃描(miao)隧(sui)道(dao)顯微(wei)(wei)鏡：通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)一個極細的(de)(de)(de)(de)探(tan)(tan)針(zhen)去靠(kao)近(jin)被測樣品表面(mian)(mian)，當距離足夠(gou)近(jin)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)可(ke)以通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)量(liang)子(zi)(zi)隧(sui)穿而穿過(guo)(guo)探(tan)(tan)針(zhen)與(yu)樣品之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空隙形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，距離越近(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越大。在(zai)掃描(miao)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)上下移動探(tan)(tan)針(zhen)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流恒定，記錄探(tan)(tan)針(zhen)上下移動的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)就(jiu)可(ke)以知(zhi)道(dao)樣品表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)。因為(wei)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)限制，該顯微(wei)(wei)鏡只可(ke)以測量(liang)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樣品的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)。光片顯微(wei)(wei)鏡的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個優點是能(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)數小時(shi)（或數天）內以非常高的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)與(yu)空間(jian)分辨率對大樣本(ben)進行成(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)。

聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)又(you)名聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)器，裝(zhuang)在(zai)載物(wu)(wu)臺的(de)下方。小(xiao)型的(de)顯(xian)微鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)往往無聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，在(zai)使用數值孔徑0.40以(yi)上(shang)的(de)物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)時(shi)，則必須(xu)具有聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)只可以(yi)彌補(bu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)量的(de)不(bu)足和適當(dang)改變從光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源(yuan)射來(lai)的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)性質(zhi)，而且將光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)線聚(ju)焦于(yu)被(bei)檢物(wu)(wu)體上(shang)，以(yi)得到(dao)較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)照明(ming)效(xiao)果。聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)的(de)結(jie)構有多(duo)種(zhong)，同(tong)時(shi)根(gen)據物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)數值孔徑的(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao) ，相應地對聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)要求也不(bu)同(tong) 。阿貝聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)：這是由(you)德(de)國(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學大(da)(da)學大(da)(da)師(shi)設計。阿貝聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)由(you)兩片(pian)透鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)組成，有較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)能力，但是在(zai)物(wu)(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)數值孔徑高于(yu)0.60時(shi)，則色(se)差，球(qiu)差就顯(xian)示(shi)出來(lai)。因(yin)此，多(duo)用于(yu)普通顯(xian)微鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)上(shang)。顯(xian)微鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)視場(chang)的(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)，是由(you)目鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)里的(de)視場(chang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)闌決定的(de)。廣(guang)州工具測量顯(xian)微鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)多(duo)少(shao)錢一臺

依原理和功能又分為透射電子顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)、掃描電子顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)、發射電子顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)等多(duo)種類型。廣東徠卡S9體視顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)品牌

顧名思義，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)成像，就像光(guang)學(xue)顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)利(li)(li)用可見(jian)光(guang)成像。一臺(tai)成像設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)較佳分(fen)辨(bian)率(lv)主要取決于(yu)介質的(de)(de)(de)(de)波長(chang)。由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)波長(chang)比光(guang)波長(chang)小(xiao)得(de)多(duo)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)辨(bian)率(lv)要優于(yu)光(guang)學(xue)顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)。實際(ji)上通常超過1000 倍。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)兩種主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)類(lei)型：透(tou)射電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)（TEM），它(ta)探(tan)測(ce)穿過薄樣品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)來成像；掃描(miao)(miao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)（SEM），它(ta)利(li)(li)用被反射或撞擊樣品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)近表面(mian)區(qu)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)來產(chan)生圖像。我(wo)們著重(zhong)講述掃描(miao)(miao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing) SEM。在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)束(shu)以(yi)光(guang)柵模(mo)式逐行(xing)掃描(miao)(miao)樣品(pin)(pin)。首先，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)腔(qiang)室頂端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)（俗稱燈絲(si)）產(chan)生。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)束(shu)發射是因為(wei)熱能克服了(le)材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功函數(shu)。他們隨后(hou)被加速并(bing)被帶正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極所吸(xi)引。您可以(yi)在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)篇指導(dao)中找到更(geng)多(duo)關(guan)于(yu)燈絲(si)分(fen)類(lei)以(yi)及其特征(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)詳細描(miao)(miao)述。廣東(dong)徠(lai)卡S9體(ti)視顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)

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