引起了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子雪崩，粒界(jie)(jie)層迅(xun)速(su)變成低(di)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)抗(kang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)迅(xun)速(su)增(zeng)加(jia)，泄漏(lou)了能(neng)量(liang)，抑(yi)制(zhi)了過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，從(cong)而使晶閘(zha)管得到(dao)(dao)(dao)保護(hu)。浪(lang)涌過(guo)(guo)后(hou)，粒界(jie)(jie)層又恢復為(wei)(wei)高(gao)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)態。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)的特(te)性主要由(you)下面幾個參(can)數(shu)來(lai)表(biao)示。標(biao)(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)：當參(can)考(kao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1mA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動，它兩端(duan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)。通(tong)(tong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)數(shu)據容量(liang)：是(shi)用(yong)(yong)前沿8微(wei)秒(miao)、波寬20微(wei)秒(miao)的波形進行沖擊(ji)以(yi)(yi)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，每隔5分鐘沖擊(ji)1次(ci)(ci)，共沖擊(ji)10次(ci)(ci)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發生變化在-10［%］以(yi)(yi)內的大經(jing)濟沖擊(ji)產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)來(lai)表(biao)示。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)企業正(zheng)常的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)粒界(jie)(jie)層只(zhi)有通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)一定程度大小(xiao)的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)和(he)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)(ci)數(shu)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)不會(hui)隨(sui)著(zhu)研究放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)(ci)數(shu)不斷增(zeng)多(duo)(duo)而下降，而且也(ye)隨(sui)著(zhu)不同放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)幅值(zhi)的增(zeng)大而下降，當大到(dao)(dao)(dao)某一部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi)(shi)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下降到(dao)(dao)(dao)0，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)出現穿孔，甚至炸裂(lie)；因(yin)此我們必須(xu)進行限定通(tong)(tong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)數(shu)據容量(liang)。漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)：將標(biao)(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的一半加(jia)到(dao)(dao)(dao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)上測量(liang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。由(you)于(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)的通(tong)(tong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)容量(liang)大，殘壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)，抑(yi)制(zhi)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)能(neng)力(li)強；平時(shi)(shi)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)小(xiao)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)不會(hui)有續流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，元件的標(biao)(biao)(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等級多(duo)(duo)，便于(yu)用(yong)(yong)戶選擇；伏安(an)特(te)性是(shi)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)的，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)交、直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)或正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)浪(lang)涌；因(yin)此用(yong)(yong)途較廣。過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保護(hu)由(you)于(yu)半導體(ti)器件體(ti)積小(xiao)、熱(re)容量(liang)小(xiao)，特(te)別像(xiang)晶閘(zha)管這類高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的功率器件，結(jie)溫必須(xu)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)嚴格的控制(zhi)。由(you)于(yu)一般整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)橋(qiao)應用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi),常在其負(fu)(fu)載端(duan)接有平波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器，故可(ke)將其負(fu)(fu)載視為(wei)(wei)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)源。江西(xi)定制(zhi)美國IR整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)橋(qiao)模塊銷(xiao)售廠

定(ding)義/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)編(bian)輯晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)：加正向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓且(qie)門極(ji)有觸發電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)；其(qi)派生(sheng)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)有：快速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，雙向(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，逆(ni)導(dao)(dao)(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，光控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。它是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)大功(gong)率開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)型半導(dao)(dao)(dao)體器件(jian)(jian)(jian)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中用(yong)文字(zi)符號(hao)為(wei)(wei)“V”、“VT”表示（舊標(biao)準(zhun)中用(yong)字(zi)母“SCR”表示）。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（Thyristor）是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，能(neng)在高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)下工作，并且(qie)其(qi)工作過程可(ke)(ke)以控(kong)制、被應用(yong)于可(ke)(ke)控(kong)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)、交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)調壓、無觸點電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、逆(ni)變及變頻等電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，是典型的小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)控(kong)制大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的設(she)備(bei)。1957年，美(mei)國通(tong)(tong)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器公司開(kai)發出世界上(shang)個晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)產品，并于1958年使其(qi)商業化。結(jie)構(gou)/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)編(bian)輯晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)它是由一(yi)個P-N-P-N四層(4layers)半導(dao)(dao)(dao)體構(gou)成的，中間形(xing)(xing)成了三(san)個PN結(jie)。分(fen)類(lei)(lei)/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)編(bian)輯晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)(an)其(qi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)斷、導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)及控(kong)制方式可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)普通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（SCR）、雙向(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（TRIAC）、逆(ni)導(dao)(dao)(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（RCT）、門極(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)斷晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（GTO）、BTG晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、溫(wen)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（TT國外(wai)，TTS國內(nei)）和(he)(he)光控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（LTT）等多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)(an)其(qi)引腳和(he)(he)極(ji)性(xing)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)二極(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、三(san)極(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)四極(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)(an)其(qi)封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)形(xing)(xing)式可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)屬封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、塑封(feng)(feng)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)陶瓷封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)型。其(qi)中，金(jin)屬封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又分(fen)為(wei)(wei)螺栓形(xing)(xing)、平板形(xing)(xing)、圓(yuan)殼形(xing)(xing)等多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)。江西定(ding)制美(mei)國IR整流(liu)(liu)(liu)橋模塊銷售廠大功(gong)率晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)多(duo)(duo)采用(yong)金(jin)屬殼封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，而中、小功(gong)率晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)則多(duo)(duo)采用(yong)塑封(feng)(feng)或陶瓷封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。

其產品應用(yong)于大功(gong)率(lv)直(zhi)流(liu)開關(guan)、大功(gong)率(lv)中(zhong)頻感應加熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源、超聲波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源、激光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源、雷(lei)達調制(zhi)器及直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車輛調速(su)等領(ling)域。逆導(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)以(yi)往的城市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車和(he)(he)地鐵機車為了(le)(le)便于調速(su)采(cai)用(yong)直(zhi)流(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)直(zhi)流(liu)開關(guan)動(dong)作(zuo)增加或(huo)減小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，改變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)來控(kong)制(zhi)車輛的速(su)度(du)。但它(ta)有(you)不(bu)能(neng)平滑起動(dong)和(he)(he)加速(su)。開關(guan)體積大、壽命短，而(er)且(qie)低速(su)運行時(shi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大（減速(su)時(shi)消耗(hao)在(zai)(zai)啟動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻上）等缺點。自(zi)有(you)了(le)(le)逆導(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，采(cai)用(yong)了(le)(le)逆導(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)制(zhi)、調節(jie)車速(su)，不(bu)*克服了(le)(le)上述(shu)缺點，而(er)且(qie)還降(jiang)低了(le)(le)功(gong)耗(hao)，提高了(le)(le)機車可(ke)靠(kao)性。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)逆導(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)普通晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)上反向并聯一(yi)(yi)只二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)而(er)成（同(tong)做在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)個硅(gui)片上。它(ta)的等效電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路和(he)(he)符號(hao)(hao)如(ru)圖1所示。它(ta)的特點是(shi)能(neng)反向導(dao)通大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。由于它(ta)的陽極(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)陰極(ji)(ji)接入(ru)反向并聯的二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，可(ke)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感負載關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)時(shi)產生的大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓進行快(kuai)速(su)釋放(fang)。目前(qian)已經能(neng)生產出耐壓達到(dao)1500～2500V正向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達400A。吸收電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達150A，關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)時(shi)間小(xiao)于30微秒(miao)的逆導(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。可(ke)關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)GTO（GateTurn-OffThyristor）亦稱門控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。其主要特點為，當門極(ji)(ji)加負向觸(chu)發(fa)(fa)信號(hao)(hao)時(shi)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)能(neng)自(zi)行關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)前(qian)已述(shu)及，普通晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（SCR）靠(kao)門極(ji)(ji)正信號(hao)(hao)觸(chu)發(fa)(fa)之后(hou)，撤(che)掉(diao)信號(hao)(hao)亦能(neng)維持(chi)通態。欲使之關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)，必(bi)須切斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

[1]維持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)I：是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)維持導(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)所(suo)必需的(de)(de)(de)(de)**小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，一般(ban)為(wei)幾十到幾百毫安。IH與結(jie)溫(wen)(wen)有關，結(jie)溫(wen)(wen)越(yue)高，則I越(yue)小。擎住電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)I：是(shi)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)剛從斷(duan)態(tai)(tai)轉入通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)態(tai)(tai)并移除(chu)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)信(xin)號(hao)后，能(neng)(neng)(neng)維持導(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)**小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。對同(tong)一晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)來(lai)說(shuo)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)I約為(wei)I的(de)(de)(de)(de)2～4倍(bei)。[1]浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)I：浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)異常(chang)情況(kuang)(kuang)引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)結(jie)溫(wen)(wen)超(chao)過額(e)定結(jie)溫(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不重復性**大(da)(da)正(zheng)向過載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。斷(duan)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓臨界上升率du/dt：是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)額(e)定結(jie)溫(wen)(wen)、門(men)極(ji)(ji)開路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)下(xia)，不能(neng)(neng)(neng)使(shi)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)從斷(duan)態(tai)(tai)到通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)態(tai)(tai)轉換的(de)(de)(de)(de)外加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓**大(da)(da)上升率。通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)臨界上升率di/dt：指(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)規定條(tiao)件下(xia)，晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)承受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)**大(da)(da)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)上升率。如果di/dt過大(da)(da)，在(zai)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)剛開通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時會有很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)集(ji)中在(zai)門(men)極(ji)(ji)附(fu)近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小區(qu)域(yu)內(nei)，從而造成(cheng)局部過熱(re)而使(shi)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)損壞。[1]觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)技術晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用是(shi)產生符合要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)極(ji)(ji)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)，使(shi)得晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)在(zai)需要(yao)時正(zheng)常(chang)開通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)必須滿(man)足以下(xia)幾點要(yao)求：①觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寬度(du)(du)應(ying)足夠寬使(shi)得晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)可(ke)靠(kao)導(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)；②觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)應(ying)有足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)幅度(du)(du)，對一些溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)場合，脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幅度(du)(du)應(ying)增(zeng)大(da)(da)為(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件**大(da)(da)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)3～5倍(bei)，脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陡度(du)(du)也(ye)需要(yao)增(zeng)加，一般(ban)需達1～2A/μs；③所(suo)提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)應(ying)不超(chao)過晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)門(men)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和功率定額(e)。按整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)類(lei)型可(ke)以分為(wei)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)變壓整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和自(zi)耦式多(duo)(duo)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)變壓整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。

晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（Thyristor）是晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)簡稱，又被稱做(zuo)可(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)，以前被簡稱為可(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)；1957年(nian)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)通(tong)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣公司(si)開發出世界上第1款晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)產品，并于1958年(nian)將其(qi)(qi)商(shang)業化；晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是PNPN四層半(ban)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體結構(gou)，它(ta)有(you)三個極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)：陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)控(kong)制極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)；晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)具有(you)硅(gui)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)件的(de)(de)(de)特(te)性，能(neng)在(zai)(zai)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)條(tiao)件下(xia)工(gong)作(zuo)，且其(qi)(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)過(guo)程可(ke)以控(kong)制、被廣(guang)泛(fan)應用于可(ke)控(kong)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)調壓(ya)、無觸點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子開關、逆變及變頻等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中。工(gong)作(zuo)原理(li)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)過(guo)程中，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（A）和(he)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（K）與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和(he)負載連(lian)接，組成晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G和(he)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K與(yu)控(kong)制晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)裝置連(lian)接，組成晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)為半(ban)控(kong)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)件，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)條(tiao)件如下(xia)：1.晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)承(cheng)(cheng)受反(fan)向(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，不管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)受何(he)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)都處于反(fan)向(xiang)阻斷(duan)狀態。2.晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)承(cheng)(cheng)受正向(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)受正向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)才導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)。這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)處于正向(xiang)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)狀態，這(zhe)(zhe)就是晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)特(te)性，即(ji)可(ke)控(kong)特(te)性。3.晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)情況下(xia)，只(zhi)要(yao)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)正向(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，不論門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)如何(he)，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)保(bao)持導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)，即(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)后，門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)失去作(zuo)用。門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)只(zhi)起觸發作(zuo)用。4.晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)情況下(xia)，當主回(hui)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)）減小到接近(jin)于零時(shi)，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)關斷(duan)。二極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)只(zhi)允許電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)單向(xiang)通(tong)過(guo)，所以將其(qi)(qi)接入交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)時(shi)它(ta)能(neng)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)只(zhi)按單向(xiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動。江西定(ding)制美(mei)(mei)國(guo)IR整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)橋模塊銷(xiao)售廠

整流橋由控(kong)(kong)制器的控(kong)(kong)制角控(kong)(kong)制,當(dang)控(kong)(kong)制角為(wei)0°～90°時，整流橋處于整流狀態,輸出(chu)電壓的平均值為(wei)正。江(jiang)西定制美國IR整流橋模塊銷售廠(chang)

下(xia)面(mian)分別介紹(shao)利用萬用表(biao)判定GTO電(dian)極、檢查(cha)GTO的(de)(de)觸發能(neng)(neng)力和(he)關斷(duan)能(neng)(neng)力、估測(ce)關斷(duan)增益βoff的(de)(de)方法。判定GTO的(de)(de)電(dian)極將萬用表(biao)撥(bo)至R×1檔，測(ce)量任意兩(liang)腳(jiao)間的(de)(de)電(dian)阻(zu)，*當(dang)黑表(biao)筆(bi)接G極，紅(hong)表(biao)筆(bi)接K極時(shi)，電(dian)阻(zu)呈低阻(zu)值，對其(qi)它(ta)情(qing)況電(dian)阻(zu)值均為(wei)(wei)無窮大。由此(ci)可迅速判定G、K極，剩(sheng)下(xia)的(de)(de)就是(shi)A極。（此(ci)處指的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬表(biao)，電(dian)子式萬用表(biao)紅(hong)表(biao)筆(bi)與電(dian)池正極相(xiang)連(lian)，模(mo)(mo)擬表(biao)紅(hong)表(biao)筆(bi)與電(dian)池負極相(xiang)連(lian)）光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（LightTriggeredThyristor——LTT），又(you)稱(cheng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)觸發晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。國(guo)內也稱(cheng)GK型光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)開關管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，是(shi)一(yi)種光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏器(qi)件。1．光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)結構通(tong)常(chang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)三(san)個電(dian)極：控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)極G、陽(yang)極A和(he)陰(yin)(yin)極K。而光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)由于(yu)其(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)信號來自光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)照射，沒(mei)有(you)必要再引出(chu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)極，所以(yi)只有(you)兩(liang)個電(dian)極（陽(yang)極A和(he)陰(yin)(yin)極K）。但它(ta)的(de)(de)結構與普通(tong)可控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅一(yi)樣，是(shi)由四(si)層PNPN器(qi)件構成。從外形上看，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)亦有(you)受光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)窗口，還有(you)兩(liang)條(tiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腳(jiao)和(he)殼(ke)體(ti)，酷似光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)二極管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。2．光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)工作原理當(dang)在光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)陽(yang)極加上正向電(dian)壓，陰(yin)(yin)極加上負向電(dian)壓時(shi)，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)可以(yi)等效成的(de)(de)電(dian)路。可推算出(chu)下(xia)式：Ia=Il/[1-（a1+a2）]式中，Il為(wei)(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)二極管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)流；Ia為(wei)(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)極電(dian)流，即(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)流；a1、a2分別為(wei)(wei)BGl、BG2的(de)(de)電(dian)流放大系數(shu)。由上式可知。江西定制(zhi)美國(guo)IR整(zheng)流橋模(mo)(mo)塊銷售廠

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