下(xia)面分(fen)別(bie)介(jie)紹利用(yong)萬用(yong)表判定GTO電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)、檢查GTO的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觸發(fa)能力(li)和(he)(he)關斷能力(li)、估測關斷增益βoff的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法。判定GTO的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)將萬用(yong)表撥至R×1檔，測量任意(yi)兩(liang)腳(jiao)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，*當黑表筆(bi)(bi)接(jie)(jie)G極(ji)(ji)，紅表筆(bi)(bi)接(jie)(jie)K極(ji)(ji)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻呈低阻值，對其(qi)它(ta)情況電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值均為無窮(qiong)大(da)。由(you)此可迅速判定G、K極(ji)(ji)，剩(sheng)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)A極(ji)(ji)。（此處(chu)指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模擬(ni)表，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子式(shi)萬用(yong)表紅表筆(bi)(bi)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)相連(lian)，模擬(ni)表紅表筆(bi)(bi)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池負(fu)極(ji)(ji)相連(lian)）光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)（LightTriggeredThyristor——LTT），又稱光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)觸發(fa)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。國(guo)內(nei)也稱GK型(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)開關管(guan)(guan)(guan)，是(shi)一種光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)器件。1．光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構通常晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)三(san)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)：控(kong)制極(ji)(ji)G、陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)A和(he)(he)陰極(ji)(ji)K。而光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)由(you)于其(qi)控(kong)制信(xin)號來(lai)自光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照射(she)，沒(mei)有(you)必要再引出控(kong)制極(ji)(ji)，所以只有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)（陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)A和(he)(he)陰極(ji)(ji)K）。但(dan)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構與(yu)普通可控(kong)硅(gui)一樣，是(shi)由(you)四層PNPN器件構成。從(cong)外形(xing)上(shang)看(kan)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)亦(yi)有(you)受光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)窗口，還有(you)兩(liang)條管(guan)(guan)(guan)腳(jiao)和(he)(he)殼體，酷似光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。2．光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原理當在光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)加(jia)上(shang)正(zheng)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，陰極(ji)(ji)加(jia)上(shang)負(fu)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)，控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)可以等效成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。可推(tui)算出下(xia)式(shi)：Ia=Il/[1-（a1+a2）]式(shi)中，Il為光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)；Ia為光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)；a1、a2分(fen)別(bie)為BGl、BG2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)大(da)系數(shu)。由(you)上(shang)式(shi)可知。逆導晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關斷時(shi)間(jian)幾(ji)微秒(miao)，工作頻率達(da)幾(ji)十(shi)千(qian)赫，優于快(kuai)速晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)（FSCR）。品質意(yi)大(da)利POSEICO晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)模塊銷售廠家

故晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia≈Ic0晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)正向(xiang)(xiang)阻斷(duan)狀態(tai)(tai)。當晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)正向(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)，從門極(ji)(ji)G流(liu)(liu)(liu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Ig，由(you)于(yu)(yu)足夠(gou)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)Ig流(liu)(liu)(liu)經NPN管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)射結(jie)，從而(er)(er)提高(gao)(gao)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)系(xi)數a2，產(chan)生足夠(gou)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Ic2流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)PNP管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)射結(jie)，并提高(gao)(gao)了PNP管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)系(xi)數a1，產(chan)生更大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Ic1流(liu)(liu)(liu)經NPN管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)射結(jie)。這樣強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)正反饋過(guo)程迅速進行(xing)。從圖3，當a1和(he)(he)a2隨發(fa)(fa)射極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)增加(jia)而(er)(er)（a1+a2）≈1時(shi)，式（1—1）中的(de)(de)(de)(de)分母(mu)1-（a1+a2）≈0，因此(ci)(ci)提高(gao)(gao)了晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia.這時(shi)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)完全(quan)由(you)主回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)(he)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻決定。晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已處(chu)于(yu)(yu)正向(xiang)(xiang)導通(tong)(tong)狀態(tai)(tai)。式（1—1）中，在(zai)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)導通(tong)(tong)后(hou)，1-（a1+a2）≈0，即使(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)時(shi)門極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Ig=0，晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仍能保(bao)持原(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia而(er)(er)繼續導通(tong)(tong)。晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)導通(tong)(tong)后(hou)，門極(ji)(ji)已失去作(zuo)用。在(zai)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)導通(tong)(tong)后(hou)，如果(guo)不斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)減(jian)(jian)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或增大(da)(da)(da)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，使(shi)(shi)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia減(jian)(jian)小(xiao)到維持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)IH以(yi)下(xia)時(shi)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)a1和(he)(he)a1迅速下(xia)降(jiang)，當1-（a1+a2）≈0時(shi)，晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)恢復阻斷(duan)狀態(tai)(tai)。特(te)性特(te)性曲線晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與(yu)(yu)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)，稱為晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)伏安(an)特(te)性，如圖所示。晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)陰極(ji)(ji)間加(jia)上(shang)正向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，在(zai)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控制極(ji)(ji)開路(lu)(lu)(lu)(Ig=0)情況下(xia)，開始元件中有很小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(稱為正向(xiang)(xiang)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu))流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)。品(pin)質意大(da)(da)(da)利POSEICO晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)模塊銷售廠家由(you)于(yu)(yu)這種特(te)殊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)結(jie)構，使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)具(ju)有耐高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)、耐高(gao)(gao)溫、關斷(duan)時(shi)間短(duan)、通(tong)(tong)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低等優(you)良(liang)性能。

晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)模塊基本的(de)(de)用途是可(ke)(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)。二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中用晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)代(dai)替二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，就可(ke)(ke)以形(xing)成可(ke)(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。在(zai)(zai)正弦交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓U2的(de)(de)正半(ban)周(zhou)(zhou)內，如果vs的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)極(ji)不(bu)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)觸發(fa)脈沖UG，vs仍不(bu)能接通(tong)。只(zhi)有(you)當(dang)U2處于正半(ban)周(zhou)(zhou)時(shi)(shi)，當(dang)觸發(fa)脈沖UG施(shi)加(jia)到(dao)(dao)控(kong)制(zhi)極(ji)時(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)才接通(tong)。現在(zai)(zai)，繪(hui)制(zhi)其波形(xing)(圖4(c)和(he)(d))，可(ke)(ke)以看到(dao)(dao)只(zhi)有(you)當(dang)觸發(fa)脈沖UG到(dao)(dao)達(da)時(shi)(shi)，負(fu)載RL具有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓UL輸(shu)(shu)出(波形(xing)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)陰(yin)影)。當(dang)UG到(dao)(dao)達(da)較(jiao)(jiao)早(zao)時(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導(dao)通(tong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)較(jiao)(jiao)早(zao)；UG到(dao)(dao)達(da)較(jiao)(jiao)晚時(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導(dao)通(tong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)較(jiao)(jiao)晚。通(tong)過(guo)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)觸發(fa)脈沖Ug在(zai)(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)極(ji)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)達(da)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，可(ke)(ke)以調節負(fu)載上(shang)(shang)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)平均UL(陰(yin)影部分的(de)(de)面積)。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)技術中，交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)半(ban)周(zhou)(zhou)常(chang)被(bei)設(she)定(ding)為180度，稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)角(jiao)。因此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)U2的(de)(de)每一(yi)個正半(ban)周(zhou)(zhou)期中，從(cong)零值到(dao)(dao)觸發(fa)脈沖到(dao)(dao)達(da)時(shi)(shi)刻的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)角(jiao)稱為控(kong)制(zhi)角(jiao)α，每個正半(ban)周(zhou)(zhou)期中晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)角(jiao)稱為導(dao)通(tong)角(jiao)θ。顯然，α和(he)θ都用來(lai)表示(shi)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)正向電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓半(ban)周(zhou)(zhou)內的(de)(de)通(tong)斷范圍(wei)。通(tong)過(guo)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)控(kong)制(zhi)角(jiao)度0或導(dao)通(tong)角(jiao)theta，可(ke)(ke)通(tong)過(guo)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)負(fu)載上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)脈沖直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)平均ul來(lai)實現可(ke)(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器。

定義(yi)/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)編輯晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)導(dao)(dao)通(tong)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)為：加正向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)壓且(qie)門極有(you)觸發電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)；其(qi)(qi)(qi)派(pai)生(sheng)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)有(you)：快速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，雙(shuang)(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，逆導(dao)(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，光(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。它是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種大(da)功率開關型半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)，在電(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)用文(wen)字(zi)符號為“V”、“VT”表示（舊(jiu)標準中(zhong)用字(zi)母“SCR”表示）。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（Thyristor）是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種開關元件(jian)(jian)，能在高電(dian)壓、大(da)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下工(gong)作，并且(qie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)作過程可(ke)(ke)(ke)以控(kong)制(zhi)、被應用于(yu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、交流(liu)(liu)(liu)調(diao)壓、無觸點(dian)電(dian)子(zi)開關、逆變及(ji)變頻等電(dian)子(zi)電(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)，是(shi)(shi)典(dian)型的(de)小電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)控(kong)制(zhi)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)設(she)備。1957年，美國通(tong)用電(dian)器(qi)公司開發出世界上(shang)個(ge)(ge)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)產(chan)品，并于(yu)1958年使(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)商業(ye)化。結構(gou)/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)編輯晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)它是(shi)(shi)由一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)P-N-P-N四層(ceng)(4layers)半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)，中(zhong)間(jian)形(xing)成(cheng)了三(san)個(ge)(ge)PN結。分(fen)(fen)類(lei)/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)編輯晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按其(qi)(qi)(qi)關斷(duan)、導(dao)(dao)通(tong)及(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)方式可(ke)(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為普通(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（SCR）、雙(shuang)(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（TRIAC）、逆導(dao)(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（RCT）、門極關斷(duan)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（GTO）、BTG晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、溫(wen)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（TT國外(wai)，TTS國內）和(he)(he)光(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（LTT）等多(duo)種。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按其(qi)(qi)(qi)引腳(jiao)和(he)(he)極性(xing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為二極晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、三(san)極晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)四極晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按其(qi)(qi)(qi)封(feng)裝形(xing)式可(ke)(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為金(jin)屬封(feng)裝晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、塑封(feng)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)陶瓷封(feng)裝晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)三(san)種類(lei)型。其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，金(jin)屬封(feng)裝晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又分(fen)(fen)為螺栓形(xing)、平板(ban)形(xing)、圓殼形(xing)等多(duo)種。其(qi)(qi)(qi)派(pai)生(sheng)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)有(you)：快速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，雙(shuang)(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，逆導(dao)(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，光(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。

圖(tu)(tu)簡(jian)單地給出了晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)和關(guan)斷(duan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)波(bo)形(xing)。圖(tu)(tu)中開(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)描述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)門極(ji)在(zai)(zai)坐標原點時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻開(kai)(kai)(kai)始受到理想(xiang)階(jie)躍觸(chu)(chu)發電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)觸(chu)(chu)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況；而關(guan)斷(duan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)描述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)對已(yi)導通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)，在(zai)(zai)外電(dian)(dian)路(lu)所施加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)某一時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻突(tu)然(ran)由正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)變為反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況（如(ru)圖(tu)(tu)中點劃線波(bo)形(xing)）。開(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)就(jiu)是(shi)載(zai)(zai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)子不斷(duan)擴(kuo)散的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。對于晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)主(zhu)要(yao)關(guan)注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)t。由于晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)反(fan)饋(kui)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)以及外電(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制，晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)受到觸(chu)(chu)發后，其陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)只能逐漸上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)。從門極(ji)觸(chu)(chu)發電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)到額(e)定值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%開(kai)(kai)(kai)始，到陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)到穩態值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%（對于阻性(xing)負載(zai)(zai)相當于陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)到額(e)定值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%），這段(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)稱為觸(chu)(chu)發延遲時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)t。陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)從10%上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)到穩態值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%所需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)（對于阻性(xing)負載(zai)(zai)相當于陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)由90%降(jiang)到10%）稱為上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)t，開(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)t定義為兩者之和，即t=t+t通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)與觸(chu)(chu)發脈(mo)沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，脈(mo)沖峰(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以及加在(zai)(zai)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)兩極(ji)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有關(guan)。[1]關(guan)斷(duan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)處于導通(tong)(tong)(tong)狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)當外加電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)突(tu)然(ran)由正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)變為反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，由于外電(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)，其陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)衰(shuai)(shuai)減(jian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)將(jiang)逐步衰(shuai)(shuai)減(jian)到零，并(bing)在(zai)(zai)反(fan)方向(xiang)(xiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)恢復(fu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，經過(guo)(guo)(guo)**大值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)I后，再反(fan)方向(xiang)(xiang)衰(shuai)(shuai)減(jian)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)。這類應(ying)用一般多應(ying)用在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)力試驗(yan)設(she)備上(shang)(shang)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)變壓(ya)器，調整晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)(tong)(tong)角輸出一個可調的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。品質意(yi)大利(li)POSEICO晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)模塊銷售廠家

普通晶(jing)閘(zha)管（SCR）靠門極(ji)正信號觸(chu)發之后(hou)，撤(che)掉信號亦(yi)能維持通態。品質意大利POSEICO晶(jing)閘(zha)管模塊銷(xiao)售(shou)廠家

具有(you)(you)(you)單向導電(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性，而(er)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A與(yu)門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)兩個(ge)(ge)反(fan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性串(chuan)聯的(de)(de)(de)PN結。因此，通(tong)過用(yong)(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)R×100或R×1kQ檔(dang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)普(pu)通(tong)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)各引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，即能(neng)確定三個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。具體(ti)方法(fa)是(shi)(shi)：將萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)黑(hei)表(biao)(biao)筆(bi)任(ren)接晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)某一(yi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，紅表(biao)(biao)筆(bi)依次(ci)去觸(chu)碰另(ling)(ling)外兩個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。若測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)結果有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)次(ci)阻值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)幾(ji)(ji)千(qian)(qian)歐(ou)姆(kΩ)，而(er)另(ling)(ling)一(yi)次(ci)阻值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)幾(ji)(ji)百歐(ou)姆(Ω)，則(ze)可(ke)(ke)判定黑(hei)表(biao)(biao)筆(bi)接的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G。在(zai)(zai)阻值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)幾(ji)(ji)百歐(ou)姆的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)中(zhong)，紅表(biao)(biao)筆(bi)接的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K，而(er)在(zai)(zai)阻值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)幾(ji)(ji)千(qian)(qian)歐(ou)姆的(de)(de)(de)那(nei)次(ci)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)中(zhong)，紅表(biao)(biao)筆(bi)接的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，若兩次(ci)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)出的(de)(de)(de)阻值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)均很(hen)大，則(ze)說(shuo)明黑(hei)表(biao)(biao)筆(bi)接的(de)(de)(de)不是(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，應用(yong)(yong)同樣方法(fa)改(gai)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，直到找出三個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)止(zhi)。也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)任(ren)兩腳(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)、反(fan)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，若正(zheng)、反(fan)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻均接近無窮大，則(ze)兩極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)即為(wei)(wei)(wei)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A和(he)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K，而(er)另(ling)(ling)一(yi)腳(jiao)(jiao)即為(wei)(wei)(wei)門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G。普(pu)通(tong)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以根據其封(feng)裝形式來判斷出各電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。螺(luo)栓形普(pu)通(tong)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)栓一(yi)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，較細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，較粗的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K。平板形普(pu)通(tong)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)出線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，平面端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，另(ling)(ling)一(yi)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K。金屬殼封(feng)裝(T0—3)的(de)(de)(de)普(pu)通(tong)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，其外殼為(wei)(wei)(wei)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A。塑(su)封(feng)(T0—220)的(de)(de)(de)普(pu)通(tong)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)引(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，且多與(yu)自帶散熱片相(xiang)連。晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)觸(chu)發能(neng)力檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)：對于(yu)小功率(工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)(wei)(wei)5A以下)的(de)(de)(de)普(pu)通(tong)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)R×1檔(dang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)。品質意大利(li)POSEICO晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)模塊銷售廠家

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