下面分別(bie)介紹(shao)利用(yong)(yong)萬用(yong)(yong)表(biao)判(pan)定(ding)GTO電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、檢查GTO的(de)(de)觸發能(neng)力(li)和(he)(he)(he)關斷能(neng)力(li)、估(gu)測關斷增益(yi)βoff的(de)(de)方法。判(pan)定(ding)GTO的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將萬用(yong)(yong)表(biao)撥(bo)至R×1檔，測量(liang)任(ren)意(yi)兩(liang)腳(jiao)間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，*當(dang)黑表(biao)筆(bi)接G極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，紅(hong)表(biao)筆(bi)接K極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)呈低阻(zu)值，對其它(ta)(ta)情況(kuang)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值均為(wei)無窮大(da)。由此(ci)可迅速判(pan)定(ding)G、K極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，剩(sheng)下的(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)A極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。（此(ci)處指的(de)(de)模擬表(biao)，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)式(shi)萬用(yong)(yong)表(biao)紅(hong)表(biao)筆(bi)與電(dian)(dian)池正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相連，模擬表(biao)紅(hong)表(biao)筆(bi)與電(dian)(dian)池負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相連）光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（LightTriggeredThyristor——LTT），又稱(cheng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)觸發晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。國(guo)內(nei)也(ye)稱(cheng)GK型光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)開關管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，是(shi)(shi)一種光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏器(qi)件。1．光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)通常晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)有三個(ge)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)：控(kong)(kong)制極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G、陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A和(he)(he)(he)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K。而光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)由于其控(kong)(kong)制信號來自光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)照射(she)，沒有必要再引出(chu)控(kong)(kong)制極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，所以只有兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A和(he)(he)(he)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K）。但它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)與普通可控(kong)(kong)硅一樣，是(shi)(shi)由四層PNPN器(qi)件構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)。從外(wai)形上看，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)亦(yi)有受(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)窗口，還有兩(liang)條管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腳(jiao)和(he)(he)(he)殼體，酷(ku)似光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。2．光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)工作原理當(dang)在光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)加上正(zheng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)加上負向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)可以等效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路。可推算出(chu)下式(shi)：Ia=Il/[1-（a1+a2）]式(shi)中，Il為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)；Ia為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，即光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)；a1、a2分別(bie)為(wei)BGl、BG2的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)放大(da)系(xi)數。由上式(shi)可知。逆導(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)關斷時(shi)間幾微秒，工作頻率達幾十千赫，優于快速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（FSCR）。品(pin)質(zhi)意(yi)大(da)利POSEICO晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)模塊銷售廠家

故(gu)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia≈Ic0晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)處于正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)阻(zu)斷(duan)狀態(tai)(tai)。當(dang)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下(xia)，從(cong)門極(ji)G流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ig，由(you)于足夠大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Ig流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)NPN管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)射(she)結(jie)，從(cong)而提高(gao)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)放(fang)大(da)系數a2，產生(sheng)足夠大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ic2流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)PNP管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)射(she)結(jie)，并提高(gao)了PNP管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)放(fang)大(da)系數a1，產生(sheng)更大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ic1流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)NPN管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)射(she)結(jie)。這樣(yang)強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)反(fan)饋過(guo)(guo)程迅速進行。從(cong)圖3，當(dang)a1和(he)a2隨發(fa)射(she)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增加而（a1+a2）≈1時(shi)，式(shi)（1—1）中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分母1-（a1+a2）≈0，因此(ci)提高(gao)了晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia.這時(shi)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)完全由(you)主回路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)回路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)決定。晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)已處于正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)導(dao)通狀態(tai)(tai)。式(shi)（1—1）中(zhong)，在(zai)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導(dao)通后，1-（a1+a2）≈0，即使(shi)(shi)此(ci)時(shi)門極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ig=0，晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)仍(reng)能保持(chi)原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia而繼續導(dao)通。晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)導(dao)通后，門極(ji)已失去(qu)作用。在(zai)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導(dao)通后，如果不(bu)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減(jian)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或增大(da)回路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，使(shi)(shi)陽(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia減(jian)小(xiao)到維(wei)持(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)IH以下(xia)時(shi)，由(you)于a1和(he)a1迅速下(xia)降，當(dang)1-（a1+a2）≈0時(shi)，晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)恢復阻(zu)斷(duan)狀態(tai)(tai)。特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)性曲線晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與陽(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系，稱為晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)伏安(an)特(te)(te)性，如圖所示。晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)與陰極(ji)間加上(shang)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)，在(zai)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)制極(ji)開路(Ig=0)情況下(xia)，開始元件(jian)中(zhong)有很小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(稱為正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu))流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)。品質(zhi)意(yi)大(da)利(li)POSEICO晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)模塊銷售廠家由(you)于這種(zhong)特(te)(te)殊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路結(jie)構(gou)，使(shi)(shi)之具(ju)有耐高(gao)壓、耐高(gao)溫、關斷(duan)時(shi)間短、通態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低等優良(liang)性能。

晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)模塊基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)用途是可(ke)控整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)。二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)用晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)代替二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)，就可(ke)以形(xing)(xing)成可(ke)控整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)。在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)弦交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓U2的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)半(ban)(ban)周內，如(ru)果vs的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)極(ji)不輸入觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)脈沖(chong)(chong)UG，vs仍不能接(jie)通。只(zhi)有當(dang)U2處(chu)于正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)半(ban)(ban)周時(shi)(shi)，當(dang)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)脈沖(chong)(chong)UG施加到(dao)控制(zhi)極(ji)時(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)才接(jie)通。現在(zai)(zai)，繪(hui)制(zhi)其波形(xing)(xing)(圖4(c)和(d))，可(ke)以看到(dao)只(zhi)有當(dang)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)脈沖(chong)(chong)UG到(dao)達(da)時(shi)(shi)，負載RL具有電(dian)(dian)壓UL輸出(波形(xing)(xing)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)陰影(ying))。當(dang)UG到(dao)達(da)較(jiao)早時(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)導(dao)通時(shi)(shi)間較(jiao)早；UG到(dao)達(da)較(jiao)晚(wan)時(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)導(dao)通時(shi)(shi)間較(jiao)晚(wan)。通過改變觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)脈沖(chong)(chong)Ug在(zai)(zai)控制(zhi)極(ji)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)到(dao)達(da)時(shi)(shi)間，可(ke)以調(diao)節負載上(shang)(shang)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)UL(陰影(ying)部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)面積)。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)工技術中(zhong)，交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)半(ban)(ban)周常(chang)被設定(ding)為(wei)(wei)180度(du)，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)角(jiao)(jiao)。因此，在(zai)(zai)U2的(de)(de)(de)每一個(ge)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)半(ban)(ban)周期中(zhong)，從零值到(dao)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)脈沖(chong)(chong)到(dao)達(da)時(shi)(shi)刻的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)角(jiao)(jiao)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)控制(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)α，每個(ge)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)半(ban)(ban)周期中(zhong)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)角(jiao)(jiao)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)導(dao)通角(jiao)(jiao)θ。顯然，α和θ都用來表示晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)向電(dian)(dian)壓半(ban)(ban)周內的(de)(de)(de)通斷范(fan)圍。通過改變控制(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)0或導(dao)通角(jiao)(jiao)theta，可(ke)通過改變負載上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)脈沖(chong)(chong)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)ul來實現可(ke)控整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)器。

定義/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)編(bian)(bian)輯晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)導通條件(jian)(jian)為(wei)：加正向電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)且門極(ji)(ji)有(you)觸發(fa)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)；其(qi)派生(sheng)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)有(you)：快(kuai)速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，雙(shuang)向晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，逆(ni)導晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，光控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。它是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)大功率開關(guan)型(xing)半導體器(qi)件(jian)(jian)，在電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)用文字符號(hao)為(wei)“V”、“VT”表(biao)示(shi)（舊標(biao)準中(zhong)用字母“SCR”表(biao)示(shi)）。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（Thyristor）是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)開關(guan)元件(jian)(jian)，能(neng)在高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)條件(jian)(jian)下工作，并且其(qi)工作過(guo)程可(ke)(ke)以控(kong)(kong)制、被應用于(yu)(yu)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)整流(liu)、交流(liu)調壓(ya)、無(wu)觸點電(dian)(dian)子(zi)開關(guan)、逆(ni)變及變頻等電(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)，是(shi)(shi)典型(xing)的(de)小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)控(kong)(kong)制大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)設備。1957年(nian)，美國(guo)(guo)通用電(dian)(dian)器(qi)公司開發(fa)出(chu)世界上個晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)產品，并于(yu)(yu)1958年(nian)使其(qi)商業化。結構/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)編(bian)(bian)輯晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)它是(shi)(shi)由一個P-N-P-N四層(4layers)半導體構成(cheng)的(de)，中(zhong)間形(xing)成(cheng)了三(san)個PN結。分(fen)類(lei)(lei)/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)編(bian)(bian)輯晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)其(qi)關(guan)斷(duan)、導通及控(kong)(kong)制方(fang)式可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)普(pu)通晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（SCR）、雙(shuang)向晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（TRIAC）、逆(ni)導晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（RCT）、門極(ji)(ji)關(guan)斷(duan)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（GTO）、BTG晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、溫控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（TT國(guo)(guo)外(wai)，TTS國(guo)(guo)內）和(he)(he)光控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（LTT）等多種(zhong)(zhong)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)其(qi)引腳和(he)(he)極(ji)(ji)性可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)二極(ji)(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、三(san)極(ji)(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)四極(ji)(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)其(qi)封(feng)裝(zhuang)形(xing)式可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)金屬(shu)封(feng)裝(zhuang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、塑(su)封(feng)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)陶瓷封(feng)裝(zhuang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)。其(qi)中(zhong)，金屬(shu)封(feng)裝(zhuang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又分(fen)為(wei)螺栓形(xing)、平板(ban)形(xing)、圓殼形(xing)等多種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)派生(sheng)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)有(you)：快(kuai)速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，雙(shuang)向晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，逆(ni)導晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，光控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。

圖簡單地給(gei)出了晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)開通(tong)和(he)關(guan)斷(duan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)波(bo)形。圖中(zhong)開通(tong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)描(miao)述(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)門極(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)坐標原點時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻開始受到(dao)理想階躍觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)；而關(guan)斷(duan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)描(miao)述(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)對已導通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)所施加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)某一時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻突(tu)然由(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)變(bian)為(wei)反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)（如圖中(zhong)點劃線波(bo)形）。開通(tong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開通(tong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就是(shi)載(zai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)子(zi)不斷(duan)擴散的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。對于(yu)(yu)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開通(tong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)關(guan)注的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開通(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)t。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)反(fan)(fan)饋過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)及(ji)外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感的(de)(de)(de)(de)限制，晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)受到(dao)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)后，其陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)只(zhi)能逐(zhu)漸上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)。從(cong)(cong)門極(ji)(ji)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)到(dao)額(e)定(ding)(ding)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)10%開始，到(dao)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)到(dao)穩態(tai)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)10%（對于(yu)(yu)阻性負(fu)載(zai)相當(dang)(dang)于(yu)(yu)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降到(dao)額(e)定(ding)(ding)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)90%），這段時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)稱(cheng)為(wei)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)延遲(chi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)t。陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)從(cong)(cong)10%上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)到(dao)穩態(tai)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)90%所需要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)（對于(yu)(yu)阻性負(fu)載(zai)相當(dang)(dang)于(yu)(yu)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)由(you)(you)90%降到(dao)10%）稱(cheng)為(wei)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)t，開通(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)t定(ding)(ding)義(yi)為(wei)兩者之(zhi)和(he)，即t=t+t通(tong)常晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開通(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)與觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)脈沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，脈沖峰值以(yi)及(ji)加(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)兩極(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有關(guan)。[1]關(guan)斷(duan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)處于(yu)(yu)導通(tong)狀態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)當(dang)(dang)外(wai)加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)突(tu)然由(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)變(bian)為(wei)反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感的(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)，其陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)衰(shuai)減(jian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)過(guo)(guo)渡過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)將逐(zhu)步(bu)衰(shuai)減(jian)到(dao)零，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)反(fan)(fan)方向(xiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)恢(hui)復(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，經過(guo)(guo)**大值I后，再反(fan)(fan)方向(xiang)衰(shuai)減(jian)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。這類應用一般(ban)多應用在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)試驗(yan)設備上(shang)(shang)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)變(bian)壓(ya)器，調(diao)整晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)角(jiao)輸出一個(ge)可(ke)調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。品質意大利POSEICO晶(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)模塊(kuai)銷售廠家

普通晶(jing)閘管（SCR）靠門(men)極正(zheng)信號觸發(fa)之后，撤掉信號亦能維持通態。品(pin)質意大(da)利(li)POSEICO晶(jing)閘管模塊銷售廠(chang)家

具有單(dan)向導電(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性，而(er)(er)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A與門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間有兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)反(fan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性串(chuan)聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PN結。因此，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過用萬用表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)R×100或R×1kQ檔(dang)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)各引(yin)腳之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)，即(ji)能(neng)確定三個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。具體方(fang)法是(shi)(shi)：將萬用表(biao)黑(hei)表(biao)筆(bi)任接(jie)(jie)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)某一極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，紅表(biao)筆(bi)依(yi)次去觸碰另外兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。若(ruo)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)結果有一次阻(zu)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)幾(ji)千歐(ou)姆(kΩ)，而(er)(er)另一次阻(zu)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)幾(ji)百(bai)(bai)歐(ou)姆(Ω)，則(ze)可(ke)判定黑(hei)表(biao)筆(bi)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G。在(zai)阻(zu)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)幾(ji)百(bai)(bai)歐(ou)姆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)中，紅表(biao)筆(bi)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K，而(er)(er)在(zai)阻(zu)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)幾(ji)千歐(ou)姆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)次測(ce)量(liang)(liang)中，紅表(biao)筆(bi)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，若(ruo)兩(liang)(liang)次測(ce)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)值(zhi)均很(hen)大(da)，則(ze)說明黑(hei)表(biao)筆(bi)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不是(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，應(ying)用同樣方(fang)法改測(ce)其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，直(zhi)到找出(chu)三個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)止。也(ye)可(ke)以測(ce)任兩(liang)(liang)腳之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正、反(fan)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，若(ruo)正、反(fan)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)均接(jie)(jie)近無窮大(da)，則(ze)兩(liang)(liang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)即(ji)為(wei)(wei)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A和陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K，而(er)(er)另一腳即(ji)為(wei)(wei)門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G。普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)可(ke)以根據其封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)形(xing)式來判斷出(chu)各電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。螺(luo)栓形(xing)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)栓一端(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，較細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)線端(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，較粗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)線端(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K。平板形(xing)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)出(chu)線端(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)門(men)(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，平面端(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，另一端(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K。金(jin)屬(shu)殼(ke)封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)(T0—3)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，其外殼(ke)為(wei)(wei)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A。塑封(feng)(feng)(T0—220)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中間引(yin)腳為(wei)(wei)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，且多與自帶散熱片相連(lian)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)觸發能(neng)力檢測(ce)：對于小功(gong)率(lv)(工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)(wei)5A以下)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，可(ke)用萬用表(biao)R×1檔(dang)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)。品質意(yi)大(da)利POSEICO晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)模塊銷售廠家(jia)

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