晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)與其他(ta)電(dian)(dian)路元件(jian)(jian)結(jie)合(he)使用時可產生電(dian)(dian)流(liu)增(zeng)益(yi)、電(dian)(dian)壓增(zeng)益(yi)和(he)信號功(gong)率增(zeng)益(yi)的(de)多結(jie)半導體(ti)(ti)(ti)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)。因此，晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)稱(cheng)(cheng)為有(you)源(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)，而二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)稱(cheng)(cheng)為無源(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)。晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)的(de)基本工作(zuo)方式(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在其兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)施加電(dian)(dian)壓時控制(zhi)(zhi)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)端(duan)(duan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)主要類(lei)型：雙(shuang)極(ji)(ji)型晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)(BJT)和(he)場效應管(guan)(guan)(FET)。雙(shuang)極(ji)(ji)晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)（Bipolar Junction Transistor-BJT)作(zuo)為兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)主要類(lei)型的(de)晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)之一(yi)(yi)，又稱(cheng)(cheng)為半導體(ti)(ti)(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)、晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)，簡稱(cheng)(cheng)晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)。它(ta)由兩(liang)個(ge)PN結(jie)組合(he)而成(cheng)，有(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)載流(liu)子參與導電(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)源(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)。晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)主要應用于(yu)檢(jian)波、整(zheng)流(liu)、放大、開關、穩(wen)壓、信號調制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)許多其它(ta)功(gong)能。硅三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)常用的(de)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)，具有(you)高(gao)穩(wen)定(ding)性、高(gao)可靠性、高(gao)溫度(du)穩(wen)定(ding)性和(he)高(gao)頻(pin)特性等(deng)優點。江(jiang)蘇NPN三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)品牌(pai)

共(gong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)共(gong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)大(da)(da)器的應用較前兩(liang)種放(fang)大(da)(da)器要少得多。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一種典型的共(gong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)大(da)(da)器。在(zai)該放(fang)大(da)(da)器內，VT是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)大(da)(da)管，C1是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輸入(ru)信(xin)號(hao)耦合電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，C2是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輸出信(xin)號(hao)耦合電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，C3是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的交流接地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，R1、R2是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)VT基(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的直流偏(pian)(pian)置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，R3是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)VT的集電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，R4是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)VT的發射極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，VCC是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，Ui是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輸入(ru)信(xin)號(hao)，Uo是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輸出信(xin)號(hao)。直流偏(pian)(pian)置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)VCC不通過R3加(jia)到(dao)VT的集電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，為它供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，而且通過R1、R2分(fen)壓(ya)后(hou)，加(jia)到(dao)VT的基(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，為基(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)提(ti)供(gong)直流偏(pian)(pian)置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，Ub≈VCCR2/（R1+R2）。流過R1的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流分(fen)兩(liang)路(lu)到(dao)地(di)(di)：一路(lu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通過R2到(dao)地(di)(di)，另一路(lu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通過VT的發射結、R4到(dao)地(di)(di)。湖州電(dian)(dian)(dian)子三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管命名分(fen)成三部分(fen)，中間(jian)部分(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)區，兩(liang)側部分(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發射區和集電(dian)(dian)(dian)區，排列(lie)方(fang)式有(you)PNP和NPN兩(liang)種。

三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)基(ji)本的(de)(de)作(zuo)用是(shi)放(fang)(fang)大(da)作(zuo)用，它(ta)(ta)可(ke)以把(ba)微弱(ruo)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)(hao)變(bian)成一(yi)定(ding)強度(du)的(de)(de)信號(hao)(hao)，當然這種轉換仍(reng)然遵循能量守恒，它(ta)(ta)只是(shi)把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)能量轉換成信號(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)能量罷(ba)了。三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)有一(yi)個(ge)重要參數(shu)就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)系數(shu)β。當三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)基(ji)極(ji)(ji)上加一(yi)個(ge)微小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時，在(zai)集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)上可(ke)以得(de)到一(yi)個(ge)是(shi)注入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)β倍的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)隨基(ji)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)化(hua)，并且基(ji)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很(hen)小的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)可(ke)以引起集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，這就是(shi)三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)大(da)作(zuo)用。 三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)還(huan)可(ke)以作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)關，配合其它(ta)(ta)元件還(huan)可(ke)以構(gou)成振蕩(dang)器。 半導(dao)體(ti)三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)除了構(gou)成放(fang)(fang)大(da)器和作(zuo)開(kai)關元件使用外，還(huan)能夠做成一(yi)些可(ke)單(dan)獨使用的(de)(de)兩端或(huo)三(san)(san)端器件。

三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)放大(da)(da)作用集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流受基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(假設(she)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源能夠提供(gong)給集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)足夠大(da)(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)話)，并(bing)且基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流很(hen)小的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)，會引(yin)起集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)，且變(bian)(bian)化(hua)滿足一(yi)定的(de)(de)比(bi)例關(guan)系(xi)：集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)量是(shi)基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流變(bian)(bian)化(hua)量的(de)(de)β倍(bei)，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流變(bian)(bian)化(hua)被(bei)放大(da)(da)了(le)β倍(bei)，所(suo)以我們把β叫(jiao)做三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)放大(da)(da)倍(bei)數(β一(yi)般(ban)遠大(da)(da)于1，例如幾(ji)十，幾(ji)百)。如果(guo)(guo)我們將一(yi)個變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)小信(xin)號加到(dao)(dao)基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)跟(gen)發射極(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間，這就(jiu)(jiu)會引(yin)起基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流Ib的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)，Ib的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)被(bei)放大(da)(da)后，導致了(le)Ic很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)。如果(guo)(guo)集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流Ic是(shi)流過一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R的(de)(de)，那么根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)計算公式U=R*I可以算得，這電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就(jiu)(jiu)會發生很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)。我們將這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)取出(chu)來，就(jiu)(jiu)得到(dao)(dao)了(le)放大(da)(da)后的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)信(xin)號了(le)。三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)廠家認證(zheng)深圳盟(meng)科電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子，質量好，性價比(bi)高。

制造三極(ji)(ji)管時，有意識地使發(fa)射(she)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)多數(shu)載流(liu)子(zi)(zi)濃度(du)大(da)于基(ji)(ji)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)，同時基(ji)(ji)區(qu)(qu)做得很薄，而(er)且，要嚴格控制雜質含(han)量，這(zhe)樣，一旦接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源后，由于發(fa)射(she)結(jie)(jie)正偏(pian)，發(fa)射(she)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)多數(shu)載流(liu)子(zi)(zi)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)）及基(ji)(ji)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)多數(shu)載流(liu)子(zi)(zi)（空穴(xue)）很容(rong)易地越過(guo)發(fa)射(she)結(jie)(jie)互相向對方擴散，但因前者(zhe)的(de)(de)濃度(du)基(ji)(ji)大(da)于后者(zhe)，所以通過(guo)發(fa)射(she)結(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)基(ji)(ji)本上(shang)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)流(liu)，這(zhe)股電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)流(liu)稱為發(fa)射(she)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)子(zi)(zi)。由于基(ji)(ji)區(qu)(qu)很薄,加上(shang)集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)反偏(pian)，注(zhu)入基(ji)(ji)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)大(da)部分越過(guo)集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)(jie)進入集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)而(er)形成集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)Ic，只剩下很少（1-10%）的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)在基(ji)(ji)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)空穴(xue)進行復(fu)合(he)，被復(fu)合(he)掉的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)區(qu)(qu)空穴(xue)由基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源Eb重新(xin)補給。三極(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)成正比。廣州IC三極(ji)(ji)管特性(xing)

鍺三(san)極管已經逐漸被硅三(san)極管所取代(dai)。江蘇NPN三(san)極管品牌

三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)特(te)性(xing)有(you)流控特(te)性(xing)、放(fang)大(da)(da)功能特(te)性(xing)；要(yao)想讓三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)完全導(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)，必須要(yao)讓兩端加(jia)一個大(da)(da)于0.7V的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)才(cai)完全導(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)。三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，全稱(cheng)應為半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，也稱(cheng)雙極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)型晶體(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、晶體(ti)(ti)三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，是一種(zhong)控制電(dian)(dian)流的(de)半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)器件。其作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是把微弱信號放(fang)大(da)(da)成(cheng)幅(fu)度(du)值較大(da)(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)信號，也用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)無觸點開關(guan)。三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)基本(ben)元器件之一，具有(you)電(dian)(dian)流放(fang)大(da)(da)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，是電(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)重點元件。三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是在(zai)一塊(kuai)半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)基片上制作(zuo)兩個相距很近的(de)PN結(jie)(jie)，兩個PN結(jie)(jie)把整塊(kuai)半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)分成(cheng)三(san)(san)部分，中間部分是基區(qu)，兩側(ce)部分是發(fa)射區(qu)和(he)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)區(qu)，排列方式(shi)有(you)PNP和(he)NPN兩種(zhong)。江蘇NPN三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)品牌

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