光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學非(fei)接(jie)觸(chu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測量是一種(zhong)利用(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學原理來(lai)測量物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)。其中，全(quan)息(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)術和(he)激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)散(san)斑(ban)(ban)術是兩種(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術。全(quan)息(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)術利用(yong)全(quan)息(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理來(lai)測量物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。它通(tong)(tong)過(guo)將(jiang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)信息(xi)轉化(hua)為光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)來(lai)實現測量。具(ju)體(ti)而言(yan)，當光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)線照射(she)到(dao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)時(shi)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)線會被物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)所(suo)影響，從而產生(sheng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)對(dui)(dui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析(xi)，可以得到(dao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)分布情(qing)況。全(quan)息(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)術具(ju)有(you)高(gao)精度(du)、高(gao)靈敏(min)度(du)和(he)非(fei)接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，因此在材料研究、結構(gou)分析(xi)和(he)工程測試(shi)等領(ling)域得到(dao)普遍應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)。激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)散(san)斑(ban)(ban)術是另(ling)一種(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學非(fei)接(jie)觸(chu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測量方法(fa)(fa)。它利用(yong)激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)束照射(she)到(dao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)散(san)射(she)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)產生(sheng)散(san)斑(ban)(ban)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)會導致(zhi)散(san)斑(ban)(ban)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)對(dui)(dui)散(san)斑(ban)(ban)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析(xi)，可以得到(dao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)信息(xi)。激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)散(san)斑(ban)(ban)術具(ju)有(you)簡單、快(kuai)速、非(fei)接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，適用(yong)于(yu)對(dui)(dui)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)進行實時(shi)監測和(he)測量。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學非(fei)接(jie)觸(chu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測量利用(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)現象，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)測量光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相位差(cha)來(lai)獲取(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)信息(xi)。浙江光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學數字圖(tu)(tu)(tu)像相關技術應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)系(xi)統(tong)

光(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)非接觸應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)一種通(tong)過(guo)光(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)技術實(shi)現對(dui)(dui)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。其中，數(shu)字(zi)(zi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和激(ji)光(guang)(guang)散(san)(san)(san)斑(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)兩種常(chang)用(yong)的(de)光(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)非接觸應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。數(shu)字(zi)(zi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)一種基于圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)技術的(de)光(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。它通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)(dui)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)和相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)分(fen)析(xi)，實(shi)現對(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)的(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)而(er)言，該(gai)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)首先使用(yong)光(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)設備采(cai)(cai)集物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)，然(ran)后(hou)利(li)用(yong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)算(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)對(dui)(dui)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，提(ti)取(qu)出感興趣區域(yu)的(de)特(te)征(zheng)信息。接下來(lai)(lai)，通(tong)過(guo)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)分(fen)析(xi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，將采(cai)(cai)集到的(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)與參考圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)比較，計(ji)算(suan)出物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)情況。數(shu)字(zi)(zi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)具(ju)有高(gao)精度(du)、高(gao)靈敏(min)度(du)和實(shi)時性等(deng)優點，適(shi)(shi)用(yong)于對(dui)(dui)動態應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。激(ji)光(guang)(guang)散(san)(san)(san)斑(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)一種基于散(san)(san)(san)斑(ban)現象(xiang)的(de)光(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。它利(li)用(yong)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)源照(zhao)射(she)(she)在物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)上產生的(de)散(san)(san)(san)斑(ban)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)樣(yang)，通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)(dui)散(san)(san)(san)斑(ban)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)樣(yang)的(de)分(fen)析(xi)來(lai)(lai)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)。具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)而(er)言，該(gai)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)首先使用(yong)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)源照(zhao)射(she)(she)在物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)，形成散(san)(san)(san)斑(ban)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)樣(yang)。然(ran)后(hou)，利(li)用(yong)光(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)設備采(cai)(cai)集散(san)(san)(san)斑(ban)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)樣(yang)，并通(tong)過(guo)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)算(suan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)對(dui)(dui)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，提(ti)取(qu)出散(san)(san)(san)斑(ban)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)樣(yang)的(de)特(te)征(zheng)信息。接下來(lai)(lai)，通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)(dui)散(san)(san)(san)斑(ban)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)樣(yang)的(de)分(fen)析(xi)，計(ji)算(suan)出物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)情況。激(ji)光(guang)(guang)散(san)(san)(san)斑(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)具(ju)有高(gao)靈敏(min)度(du)和無損(sun)傷等(deng)優點，適(shi)(shi)用(yong)于對(dui)(dui)微小應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)的(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。浙(zhe)江(jiang)光(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)技術應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)系(xi)統光(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)技術具(ju)有全場測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)能力，可(ke)以在被測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)整個表(biao)面(mian)(mian)上獲取(qu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)分(fen)布的(de)信息。

光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)在應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)測(ce)量(liang)中(zhong)存在抗(kang)剪(jian)能(neng)力較差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題。為了適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)結構，需要開發相應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)方(fang)式，如(ru)(ru)直接埋(mai)入式、封(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)后(hou)(hou)表(biao)貼(tie)式、直接表(biao)貼(tie)等。直接埋(mai)入式封(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)通常將光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)用金屬或其他材料(liao)封(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)成傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)后(hou)(hou)，預埋(mai)進(jin)(jin)混凝(ning)土等結構中(zhong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)測(ce)量(liang)，例(li)如(ru)(ru)在橋梁、樓(lou)宇、大壩等工程中(zhong)。然而，對于已有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構進(jin)(jin)行(xing)監(jian)測(ce)時，只能(neng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)表(biao)貼(tie)式封(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，例(li)如(ru)(ru)對現役飛機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)載(zai)荷譜進(jin)(jin)行(xing)監(jian)測(ce)。無論采用哪種封(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)形(xing)式，由(you)于材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性(xing)模量(liang)以(yi)(yi)及粘貼(tie)工藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同，光(guang)(guang)(guang)學非接觸應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)測(ce)量(liang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞過程必然會造成應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞損耗(hao)，導(dao)致(zhi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)所測(ce)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)與(yu)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)實際應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)不(bu)一致(zhi)。因此，在進(jin)(jin)行(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)學非接觸應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)測(ce)量(liang)時，需要考慮這(zhe)種應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞損耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。為了解決這(zhe)個問(wen)題，可以(yi)(yi)采取(qu)一些措施來(lai)減小應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞損耗(hao)。例(li)如(ru)(ru)，在封(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過程中(zhong)選擇合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)，具(ju)有(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性(xing)模量(liang)，以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈敏度和準確(que)性(xing)。此外(wai)，粘貼(tie)工藝也需要精確(que)控制(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)確(que)保光(guang)(guang)(guang)柵(zha)與(yu)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接觸緊密，減小傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞損耗(hao)。

對于(yu)公路(lu)(lu)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)而言，通(tong)常存在(zai)(zai)(zai)目標占地面(mian)積大、監(jian)測(ce)(ce)環境(jing)惡劣、復(fu)雜以(yi)(yi)及(ji)檢測(ce)(ce)技術要(yao)求高(gao)的(de)情況。因此(ci)(ci)，采(cai)用常規方(fang)式進(jin)(jin)行公路(lu)(lu)變形監(jian)測(ce)(ce)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)有(you)效保障監(jian)測(ce)(ce)有(you)效性，且勞動(dong)(dong)強度(du)大，需要(yao)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)人員花(hua)費大量(liang)時(shi)間(jian)投入，自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)方(fang)面(mian)也存在(zai)(zai)(zai)欠(qian)缺。然而，運用GNSS技術可以(yi)(yi)解(jie)決這些(xie)問(wen)題。GNSS技術是一種全(quan)球(qiu)導航衛(wei)星(xing)系統，通(tong)過接收多顆衛(wei)星(xing)發射(she)的(de)信號來進(jin)(jin)行定(ding)位(wei)。由于(yu)GNSS技術在(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)位(wei)上(shang)精確度(du)高(gao)，且不(bu)(bu)需要(yao)通(tong)視，能(neng)夠全(quan)天不(bu)(bu)間(jian)斷持續工(gong)作，因此(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)操作上(shang)能(neng)夠很大程度(du)上(shang)節省勞動(dong)(dong)力(li)并將(jiang)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)提(ti)升到自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)程度(du)。研究表明，采(cai)用GNSS實施水平位(wei)移(yi)觀測(ce)(ce)時(shi)，能(neng)夠有(you)效發現(xian)公路(lu)(lu)變形在(zai)(zai)(zai)2厘米以(yi)(yi)內(nei)的(de)位(wei)移(yi)矢量(liang)。這意(yi)味著，通(tong)過GNSS技術可以(yi)(yi)準確監(jian)測(ce)(ce)到公路(lu)(lu)的(de)微小變形，及(ji)時(shi)發現(xian)潛在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)問(wen)題，為公路(lu)(lu)維護和管(guan)理提(ti)供(gong)重(zhong)要(yao)依據。即(ji)使在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)程測(ce)(ce)量(liang)下，GNSS技術也能(neng)夠將(jiang)精度(du)控制在(zai)(zai)(zai)10厘米之內(nei)，滿足公路(lu)(lu)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)的(de)要(yao)求。光學非接觸應變測(ce)(ce)量(liang)為工(gong)程領(ling)域和科學研究提(ti)供(gong)可靠和準確的(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)結果，為相關領(ling)域提(ti)供(gong)有(you)力(li)的(de)支持。

光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)干(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)一種(zhong)基于干(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)儀原理的測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)觀察(cha)和(he)(he)(he)分析(xi)(xi)干(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)條(tiao)(tiao)紋的變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化來推斷(duan)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)的形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)情況(kuang)。它(ta)通(tong)(tong)常使(shi)用干(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)儀、激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)器和(he)(he)(he)相(xiang)(xiang)機等(deng)設備(bei)進(jin)行測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)。在光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)干(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)中，當光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)波(bo)經過(guo)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)時，會發生干(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)現象，形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成干(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)條(tiao)(tiao)紋。這些(xie)干(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)條(tiao)(tiao)紋的形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀和(he)(he)(he)密度(du)與(yu)(yu)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)的形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)情況(kuang)有(you)關(guan)。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)觀察(cha)和(he)(he)(he)分析(xi)(xi)干(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)條(tiao)(tiao)紋的變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化，可以推斷(duan)出物(wu)體(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)的形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)情況(kuang)，如應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、位移等(deng)。與(yu)(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)干(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)比，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術具(ju)有(you)許(xu)多優勢。首先，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術是(shi)一種(zhong)非(fei)(fei)接觸性測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)方法，不需要(yao)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)與(yu)(yu)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)設備(bei)直接接觸，避免了傳統(tong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)方法中可能引起(qi)的測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)誤差(cha)。其次，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術具(ju)有(you)高(gao)精度(du)和(he)(he)(he)高(gao)靈敏度(du)，可以實(shi)現微小(xiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)。此(ci)(ci)外(wai)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術還具(ju)有(you)全場測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)能力，可以同時獲取(qu)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)各點的形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)信(xin)息，而不只是(shi)局部測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)。此(ci)(ci)外(wai)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術還具(ju)有(you)快(kuai)速實(shi)時性，可以實(shi)時監測(ce)(ce)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)的形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)情況(kuang)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)非(fei)(fei)接觸應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)可以幫助研究物(wu)體(ti)(ti)的力學(xue)(xue)性質和(he)(he)(he)結構變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化，對于工(gong)程設計和(he)(he)(he)科學(xue)(xue)研究具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)意(yi)義。浙(zhe)江光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)數(shu)字(zi)圖像相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術應(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)系統(tong)

光(guang)學非接觸應(ying)(ying)變測量方法中的激光(guang)散斑法具有高靈敏度和無損傷的特點，適(shi)用于微小應(ying)(ying)變的測量。浙江光(guang)學數字圖像相關技術應(ying)(ying)變系統

光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)非(fei)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)應變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)利用(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)原理來測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)應變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。其(qi)中，全(quan)(quan)息干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)非(fei)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)應變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。全(quan)(quan)息干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)法(fa)(fa)(fa)利用(yong)了激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)(gan)(gan)性和(he)干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)現象(xiang)(xiang)，將物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)應變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)信(xin)息轉化(hua)為光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)圖樣(yang)。具(ju)體(ti)操作過程如下(xia)(xia)：首(shou)先，將物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)涂覆一層(ceng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)材(cai)料，例如光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)致折(zhe)射(she)(she)率(lv)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)材(cai)料。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)材(cai)料具(ju)有特殊的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)性質，當受到光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)射(she)(she)時(shi)，其(qi)折(zhe)射(she)(she)率(lv)會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)。然后(hou)，使用(yong)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)器發(fa)射(she)(she)一束(shu)相(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)(gan)(gan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，照(zhao)射(she)(she)到物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)線經過物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)時(shi)，會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)折(zhe)射(she)(she)、反(fan)射(she)(she)等現象(xiang)(xiang)，導致光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)。這(zhe)些相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)會(hui)被光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)材(cai)料記(ji)錄下(xia)(xia)來。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)材(cai)料中的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)子結(jie)構會(hui)隨著(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)射(she)(she)而發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，從(cong)(cong)而改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)其(qi)折(zhe)射(she)(she)率(lv)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)折(zhe)射(she)(she)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)會(hui)導致光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)。接(jie)(jie)下(xia)(xia)來，使用(yong)一個(ge)參考(kao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)束(shu)與經過物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)束(shu)進行(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)。參考(kao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)束(shu)是(shi)從(cong)(cong)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)器中分(fen)出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)一束(shu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，其(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)保持不變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)強分(fen)布會(hui)被記(ji)錄下(xia)(xia)來，形成一個(ge)干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)圖樣(yang)。通過分(fen)析干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)圖樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，可以(yi)得到物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)應變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)信(xin)息。由于全(quan)(quan)息干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，不需要直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)，因此可以(yi)避(bi)免對(dui)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)造(zao)成損(sun)傷(shang)。同(tong)時(shi)，由于利用(yong)了激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)(gan)(gan)性，全(quan)(quan)息干(gan)(gan)(gan)涉(she)(she)(she)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具(ju)有較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)精度和(he)靈(ling)敏(min)度。浙(zhe)江光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)數(shu)字圖像(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)關技術應變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)系(xi)統

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