芯片壽命試驗
芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)測試(shi)是(shi)(shi)評估芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)特定(ding)(ding)環境(jing)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)和可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程。常見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)包(bao)括(kuo)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾個(ge)方面:1. 壽命(ming)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao):壽命(ming)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)是(shi)(shi)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)量芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)之一。常見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命(ming)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)包(bao)括(kuo)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)無故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(MTTF)、平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(MTBF)、失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)等。MTTF指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)無故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),MTBF指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)單(dan)(dan)位時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)率(lv)。2. 可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao):可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)是(shi)(shi)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)量芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)特定(ding)(ding)環境(jing)下(xia)(xia)正(zheng)(zheng)常工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力。常見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)包(bao)括(kuo)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)、可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)度(du)(du)等。可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)特定(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)正(zheng)(zheng)常工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)率(lv),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)度(du)(du)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)特定(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)正(zheng)(zheng)常工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力。3. 故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)率(lv)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao):故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)率(lv)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)是(shi)(shi)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)量芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)特定(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)發生(sheng)(sheng)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)率(lv)。常見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)率(lv)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)包(bao)括(kuo)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(MTTF)、故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)密(mi)度(du)(du)(Failure Density)等。MTTF指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)無故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)密(mi)度(du)(du)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)單(dan)(dan)位時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和單(dan)(dan)位面積內(nei)發生(sheng)(sheng)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)率(lv)。4. 可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)性(xing)(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao):可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)性(xing)(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)是(shi)(shi)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)量芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)發生(sheng)(sheng)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)后修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力。常見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)性(xing)(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)包(bao)括(kuo)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(MTTR)、平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(MTBF)等。集成電(dian)路老化(hua)試(shi)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)用于指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導電(dian)子元件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計和制造過程。芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壽命(ming)試(shi)驗
評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法有以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾種:1. 加(jia)速壽命(ming)測試:通過(guo)對晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)進(jin)行(xing)高(gao)溫(wen)、高(gao)濕、高(gao)壓等(deng)(deng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)條件下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長時(shi)間測試,模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)出晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)常使用過(guo)程中可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能遇到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極端環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)其(qi)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)同環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)。2. 溫(wen)度(du)(du)循環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)測試:將晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)同溫(wen)度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)進(jin)行(xing)循環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)加(jia)熱(re)和(he)(he)冷卻(que),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)同溫(wen)度(du)(du)變化(hua)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)膨脹和(he)(he)熱(re)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li),評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)其(qi)在(zai)(zai)溫(wen)度(du)(du)變化(hua)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)。3. 濕熱(re)循環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)測試:將晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)濕環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)進(jin)行(xing)循環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)加(jia)熱(re)和(he)(he)冷卻(que),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)潮濕環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐蝕和(he)(he)氧化(hua),評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)其(qi)在(zai)(zai)濕熱(re)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)。4. 電(dian)(dian)壓應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)測試:通過(guo)對晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)施(shi)(shi)加(jia)不(bu)(bu)同電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測試,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)大或過(guo)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li),評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)其(qi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)壓應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)。5. 機(ji)(ji)械應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)測試:通過(guo)對晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)施(shi)(shi)加(jia)不(bu)(bu)同機(ji)(ji)械應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測試,如彎曲、拉伸、振動等(deng)(deng),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)械應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)。6. 可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)建(jian)模(mo)和(he)(he)預(yu)測:通過(guo)對晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)、材料、工藝(yi)等(deng)(deng)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)和(he)(he)建(jian)模(mo),結(jie)合(he)歷史數據和(he)(he)統計(ji)方(fang)法,預(yu)測晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)。7. 故障分(fen)(fen)析(xi):對已經發生(sheng)故障的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi),找(zhao)出故障原因和(he)(he)失效模(mo)式,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)改(gai)進(jin)設計(ji)和(he)(he)制(zhi)造過(guo)程,提高(gao)晶(jing)(jing)片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)。芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)壽命(ming)試驗(yan)(yan)集成電(dian)(dian)路(lu)老化(hua)試驗(yan)(yan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)幫(bang)助更可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子元件,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)提高(gao)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)。
在(zai)IC可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性測(ce)試中(zhong),處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)測(ce)試數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)和結(jie)(jie)果是非常重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de),因(yin)為(wei)它們直接(jie)影響(xiang)到(dao)對IC可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性的(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)估和判斷。以(yi)下是處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)測(ce)試數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)和結(jie)(jie)果的(de)(de)(de)一般(ban)步驟:1. 數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)采集(ji)(ji):首先,需要(yao)(yao)(yao)收集(ji)(ji)測(ce)試所需的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)。這可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)包(bao)括IC的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)溫度、電(dian)壓、電(dian)流(liu)等參數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)實時測(ce)量數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju),以(yi)及IC在(zai)不同環境(jing)下的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)。2. 數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)清(qing)洗:收集(ji)(ji)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)會包(bao)含(han)噪聲、異(yi)常值或缺失值。因(yin)此,需要(yao)(yao)(yao)對數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)進行(xing)清(qing)洗,去除異(yi)常值并填補缺失值。這可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過使用統計(ji)方(fang)(fang)法、插值方(fang)(fang)法或其(qi)他數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)技術來(lai)完成。3. 數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)分(fen)析(xi):在(zai)清(qing)洗數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)后,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)對數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)進行(xing)分(fen)析(xi)。這可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)包(bao)括計(ji)算平(ping)均值、標(biao)準(zhun)差、相關性等統計(ji)指標(biao),以(yi)及繪(hui)制直方(fang)(fang)圖、散點圖、箱線圖等圖表來(lai)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)視(shi)化數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)。4. 結(jie)(jie)果評(ping)(ping)估:根據(ju)(ju)(ju)測(ce)試數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)結(jie)(jie)果,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)對IC的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性進行(xing)評(ping)(ping)估。這可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)包(bao)括計(ji)算故障率、失效模式分(fen)析(xi)、壽命預測(ce)等。同時,還可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)與IC的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)規格(ge)進行(xing)比較,以(yi)確定IC是否符合可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。5. 結(jie)(jie)果報(bao)告:需要(yao)(yao)(yao)將測(ce)試數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)和結(jie)(jie)果整理(li)(li)(li)(li)成報(bao)告。報(bao)告應包(bao)括測(ce)試方(fang)(fang)法、數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)過程、分(fen)析(xi)結(jie)(jie)果和評(ping)(ping)估結(jie)(jie)論等內容。報(bao)告應具備清(qing)晰(xi)、準(zhun)確、可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)理(li)(li)(li)(li)解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)特點,以(yi)便其(qi)他人能(neng)(neng)夠理(li)(li)(li)(li)解(jie)和使用這些結(jie)(jie)果。
IC可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場需(xu)求非常高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。隨著(zhu)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷發展和(he)普及,人們(men)對于電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)要(yao)求也越(yue)來越(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。IC(集成(cheng)電(dian)路)作(zuo)為電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中心組件,其可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)對整個產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能和(he)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)起著(zhu)至關(guan)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。因此,IC可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)成(cheng)為了電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)制(zhi)造過程(cheng)中不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環節。IC可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)能夠幫助制(zhi)造商提(ti)前(qian)發現(xian)和(he)解(jie)決(jue)潛在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。通(tong)過對IC進行(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)模擬各種工作(zuo)環境和(he)使用(yong)條(tiao)件下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang),檢測(ce)(ce)IC在高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫、低溫、濕度、振(zhen)動等極端條(tiao)件下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能表現(xian)。這樣可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)及早發現(xian)IC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潛在故障(zhang)和(he)問題,并(bing)采(cai)取(qu)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施進行(xing)(xing)修(xiu)復,從而(er)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。IC可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量和(he)壽命(ming)。通(tong)過對IC進行(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)評估IC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命(ming)和(he)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)標,如MTBF(平均(jun)無故障(zhang)時間(jian))、FIT(每(mei)億小時故障(zhang)數)等。這些指(zhi)(zhi)標可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)幫助制(zhi)造商了解(jie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命(ming)和(he)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)水平,從而(er)制(zhi)定(ding)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量控制(zhi)和(he)改進措施,提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量和(he)壽命(ming)。IC可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)還可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭力。IC可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果通(tong)常以(yi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)標(如失(shi)效率、平均(jun)失(shi)效時間(jian)等)來表示。
在(zai)(zai)IC可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中,常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)設備和工(gong)具包括:1. 熱(re)膨脹(zhang)系數測(ce)量(liang)儀(yi)(yi):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)測(ce)量(liang)材(cai)料在(zai)(zai)不(bu)同溫度下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)熱(re)膨脹(zhang)系數,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)材(cai)料的(de)(de)熱(re)膨脹(zhang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能。2. 熱(re)循環(huan)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)模擬(ni)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)同溫度下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)熱(re)循環(huan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)溫度變化(hua)(hua)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。3. 恒(heng)溫恒(heng)濕(shi)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)模擬(ni)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)高溫高濕(shi)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)濕(shi)熱(re)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。4. 鹽(yan)霧(wu)(wu)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)模擬(ni)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)鹽(yan)霧(wu)(wu)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。5. 震(zhen)動(dong)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)模擬(ni)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)振(zhen)動(dong)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)振(zhen)動(dong)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。6. 電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)老(lao)化(hua)(hua)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)模擬(ni)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)長時(shi)間高溫下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)高溫環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。7. 電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓脈沖(chong)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)模擬(ni)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓脈沖(chong)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓脈沖(chong)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。8. 靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)模擬(ni)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。9. 焊接可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)模擬(ni)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)焊接過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在(zai)(zai)焊接過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。10. 可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分析軟件(jian)(jian)(jian):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)對測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數據進行分析和評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)確定芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)指(zhi)標。集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)老(lao)化(hua)(hua)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗通常(chang)包括高溫老(lao)化(hua)(hua)、低溫老(lao)化(hua)(hua)、濕(shi)熱(re)老(lao)化(hua)(hua)等不(bu)同條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。湖州篩選試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗
晶片可靠性(xing)評(ping)估通常包括(kuo)溫度(du)、濕度(du)、電壓(ya)等因素(su)的測試和(he)分(fen)析。芯片壽命試驗
芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)受(shou)多種(zhong)因(yin)素影(ying)(ying)響(xiang),以(yi)下是一(yi)些主(zhu)要(yao)因(yin)素:1. 測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)境(jing):測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)和(he)準(zhun)確(que)性(xing)對測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)至關重(zhong)要(yao)。溫度(du)、濕度(du)、電壓等(deng)環(huan)境(jing)條件應(ying)(ying)該能夠(gou)模擬實際使用(yong)(yong)(yong)環(huan)境(jing),以(yi)確(que)保測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)。2. 測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa):不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能會(hui)產生不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。例(li)如(ru)(ru),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)加速壽命(ming)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、溫度(du)循環(huan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、濕熱循環(huan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa),每種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)都有其優缺(que)點(dian)。選(xuan)擇適(shi)合芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)特(te)性(xing)和(he)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)場景的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)非常重(zhong)要(yao)。3. 樣(yang)本數(shu)量:樣(yang)本數(shu)量對測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)有很大影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樣(yang)本數(shu)量過(guo)(guo)少(shao),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能無法(fa)(fa)多方(fang)(fang)(fang)面評估芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)。因(yin)此,應(ying)(ying)該根據芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)和(he)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)場景確(que)定(ding)合適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)本數(shu)量。4. 測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)間(jian)(jian):測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)短也(ye)會(hui)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)更好地模擬實際使用(yong)(yong)(yong)環(huan)境(jing)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況,但(dan)會(hui)增(zeng)加測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)本和(he)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)。因(yin)此,需(xu)要(yao)在測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和(he)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)之間(jian)(jian)進行權衡。5. 設計(ji)和(he)制造質(zhi)(zhi)量:芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)和(he)制造質(zhi)(zhi)量直(zhi)接影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)其可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)設計(ji)或制造過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)存(cun)在缺(que)陷,即使通過(guo)(guo)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能無法(fa)(fa)保證(zheng)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)期可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)。6. 應(ying)(ying)力源(yuan):可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)力源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量和(he)準(zhun)確(que)性(xing)也(ye)會(hui)對測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產生影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。應(ying)(ying)力源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)和(he)準(zhun)確(que)性(xing)直(zhi)接影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)。芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)壽命(ming)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗
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深圳酒店消防工(gong)程(cheng)驗收公司
消防(fang)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)的(de)內容:消防(fang)工(gong)程系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包括消防(fang)水系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、火災自動報警系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、氣(qi)體滅火系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、防(fang)排煙系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、應急疏散系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、消防(fang)通訊系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、消防(fang)廣播系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、泡(pao)沫滅火系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、防(fang)火分隔(ge)設施(shi)(防(fang)火門(men)、防(fang)火卷簾)等。工(gong)程建設在具(ju)體實 。
非(fei)洲紫檀木(mu)(mu)AfricanPadauk),氣干密度達不(bu)到0.76g/cm3,大概是0.72g/cm3。盡管這種木(mu)(mu)材達不(bu)到紅木(mu)(mu)標準,此木(mu)(mu)在非(fei)洲產的亞花梨中是材質比較(jiao)好,紋理(li)**的。非(fei)洲花梨木(mu)(mu)生長西(xi)非(fei)和東非(fei) 。
防火卷簾門一(yi)般安裝(zhuang)在開(kai)口墻(qiang)的(de)(de)局部后墻(qiang)的(de)(de)預埋鐵(tie)件上。防火卷簾門的(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)和調試。防火卷簾門的(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)和調試順序(xu)如(ru)下:根據設計型(xing)號,查(cha)看產(chan)品說明書(shu)和電氣原理(li)圖。檢查(cha)產(chan)品的(de)(de)表(biao)面處(chu)理(li)和附(fu)件。測量產(chan)品各部分的(de)(de)基本尺寸。 。
哪些(xie)產品需要做航(hang)空(kong)運輸條件(jian)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)報告(gao)?航(hang)空(kong)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)全稱,航(hang)空(kong)運輸狀況鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)報告(gao)英文稱IdentificationandClassificationReportforAirTransportofGoods,俗稱 。
電商(shang)代發快(kuai)遞(di)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)在提供標(biao)(biao)準化(hua)(hua)物(wu)流流程的同(tong)時,也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)根據商(shang)家的個性化(hua)(hua)需(xu)求(qiu)進(jin)行(xing)定制化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)。例如(ru),對(dui)于一些特殊商(shang)品,需(xu)要(yao)特殊的標(biao)(biao)識、包(bao)裝和保護措施(shi),代發快(kuai)遞(di)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)滿足這(zhe)些需(xu)求(qiu)。電商(shang)代發快(kuai)遞(di)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)的發展還促進(jin) 。
泡沫混凝土的(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)包含抗(kang)壓強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)、抗(kang)折強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)和(he)抗(kang)沖擊(ji)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)。對于(yu)大多數承重(zhong)產(chan)品來說,主要(yao)強(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)抗(kang)壓強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du),而(er)對一些板材制品則重(zhong)點(dian)考慮抗(kang)折及抗(kang)沖擊(ji)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)。每一種(zhong)產(chan)品的(de)(de)規劃(hua)注重(zhong)于(yu)哪些目標,應根(gen)據產(chan)品的(de)(de)不同品種(zhong)及技能要(yao)求 。
叉車秤可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過(guo)以(yi)下方式(shi)提高工作(zuo)效(xiao)率:一(yi)體化操(cao)作(zuo):叉車秤將(jiang)秤重(zhong)和搬運功能結合(he)在(zai)一(yi)起,使得在(zai)搬運貨(huo)物的(de)同時(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)直接進行稱重(zhong),避免了傳統方式(shi)中需(xu)要多(duo)個步驟的(de)時(shi)間浪費。這樣可(ke)(ke)以(yi)節省(sheng)時(shi)間和人力資(zi)源,提高工作(zuo)效(xiao)率 。
全(quan)(quan)自動蠟(la)(la)鑲點(dian)(dian)鉆(zhan)機(ji)可(ke)適(shi)用于平面,曲(qu)面,立體等各種(zhong)類型的蠟(la)(la)鑲嵌,既可(ke)滿足各種(zhong)蠟(la)(la)鑲嵌的需(xu)要,又可(ke)適(shi)應能(neng)力強,智能(neng)化水平高,可(ke)全(quan)(quan)程(cheng)監測并(bing)調節點(dian)(dian)鉆(zhan)過程(cheng),實現(xian)智能(neng)辨(bian)識(shi),防止漏(lou)鉆(zhan)現(xian)象(xiang),既可(ke)確保點(dian)(dian)鉆(zhan)的效率,又可(ke)確保點(dian)(dian) 。
型(xing)號(hao)核準認證的實施,不僅有(you)助(zhu)于保(bao)護無(wu)(wu)線(xian)電(dian)通信(xin)環境,提高設(she)備(bei)的性能和(he)可(ke)靠性,保(bao)障用(yong)戶的使用(yong)體(ti)驗,還有(you)助(zhu)于維(wei)護市場的公平(ping)競(jing)爭。首先,通過要求無(wu)(wu)線(xian)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)進行型(xing)號(hao)核準認證,可(ke)以(yi)確保(bao)設(she)備(bei)的工作頻率和(he)頻段符合國家(jia) 。
電動(dong)升(sheng)降平(ping)臺車是(shi)一(yi)種多功能起(qi)(qi)重裝卸(xie)機械設(she)備、電動(dong)升(sheng)降平(ping)臺升(sheng)降系統,是(shi)靠(kao)液壓(ya)驅動(dong)。剪(jian)叉機械結構,使升(sheng)降臺起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)有較高的穩定(ding)性,寬大的作(zuo)業(ye)平(ping)臺和較高的承載能力,使高空作(zuo)業(ye)范圍(wei)更大、并適合多人同時作(zuo)業(ye)。它(ta)使高 。
如何保證食(shi)品物(wu)流中的(de)衛生(sheng)措(cuo)施?首先(xian),嚴格(ge)執行衛生(sheng)標準是保證食(shi)品物(wu)流衛生(sheng)的(de)基(ji)礎。在運(yun)輸(shu)過(guo)(guo)程中,必須(xu)遵守(shou)國家和(he)(he)地方的(de)食(shi)品衛生(sheng)法規和(he)(he)標準,如《食(shi)品安全法》、《食(shi)品衛生(sheng)法》等(deng)。運(yun)輸(shu)車輛必須(xu)經過(guo)(guo)定期的(de)消毒和(he)(he)清洗(xi) 。