土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壓(ya)式推進(jin)(jin)工(gong)法有如(ru)下特點：⑴通過向(xiang)切削(xue)倉內注入(ru)一定比例(li)的(de)(de)混合材(cai)料(liao)，使得充滿泥(ni)(ni)倉的(de)(de)泥(ni)(ni)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)混合體平衡正面(mian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壓(ya)力以及地(di)下水(shui)壓(ya)力；⑵無需(xu)泥(ni)(ni)漿(jiang)泵等后部(bu)配套(tao)裝置，整機(ji)(ji)(ji)造價低廉；⑶無需(xu)泥(ni)(ni)漿(jiang)處理，施工(gong)成本低。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壓(ya)式推進(jin)(jin)工(gong)法所采用的(de)(de)頂(ding)管掘進(jin)(jin)機(ji)(ji)(ji)可根據(ju)機(ji)(ji)(ji)頭所載刀盤(pan)(pan)數量分為(wei)(wei)單(dan)刀盤(pan)(pan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壓(ya)平衡掘進(jin)(jin)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和多(duo)刀盤(pan)(pan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壓(ya)平衡掘進(jin)(jin)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。單(dan)刀盤(pan)(pan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壓(ya)平衡掘進(jin)(jin)機(ji)(ji)(ji)單(dan)刀盤(pan)(pan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壓(ya)平衡掘進(jin)(jin)機(ji)(ji)(ji)有以下優(you)點：⑴適用的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質范圍非常廣，除(chu)巖(yan)石外(wai)的(de)(de)其(qi)他(ta)類土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質均(jun)適用，且不需(xu)采用其(qi)他(ta)輔助手段；⑵施工(gong)后地(di)面(mian)沉降小；⑶棄土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)處理比較簡單(dan)⑷可在復土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層只為(wei)(wei)管外(wai)徑(jing)0.8倍的(de)(de)淺(qian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層中施工(gong)；⑸有完善的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)體改良(liang)系統和具有良(liang)好的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)體改良(liang)功能(neng)；⑹開口(kou)率達100％，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壓(ya)力更切合實(shi)際。廈門(men)常達管業設(she)置的(de)(de)臨時(shi)水(shui)準點應(ying)與沿線設(she)置的(de)(de)水(shui)準點相校核至符(fu)合要求。集(ji)美區(qu)DN1400水(shui)泥(ni)(ni)頂(ding)管施工(gong)

模擬過(guo)程（1）邊界條(tiao)件(jian)和(he)初(chu)始條(tiao)件(jian)：三維(wei)數(shu)值(zhi)模型的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)后左右以及底(di)部邊界為法向約束限制(zhi)位移(yi)，地表為自(zi)(zi)由面。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計算(suan)前(qian)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)體(ti)在(zai)(zai)自(zi)(zi)重應力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)作用下(xia)，達(da)到初(chu)始應力(li)(li)平衡(heng)(heng)狀態。因為在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)體(ti)經過(guo)長時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)作用已經處于穩定狀態，不經過(guo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)擾(rao)動不會發生地表沉降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。如(ru)圖3所示，在(zai)(zai)自(zi)(zi)重應力(li)(li)作用下(xia)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)體(ti)沉降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)量(liang)自(zi)(zi)上而下(xia)逐漸增大，地表的(de)(de)(de)沉降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)量(liang)比較大可達(da)到72mm，在(zai)(zai)模量(liang)頂(ding)(ding)管施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)要將(jiang)所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)位移(yi)沉降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)清零。開挖(wa)：在(zai)(zai)模擬中，管道(dao)(dao)沿著X軸(zhou)方向推(tui)進(jin)，模擬完全(quan)按(an)(an)照(zhao)管長4m的(de)(de)(de)步長進(jin)行。每步開挖(wa)后，管道(dao)(dao)和(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)體(ti)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)都留(liu)有(you)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)，間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)按(an)(an)照(zhao)有(you)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)進(jin)行數(shu)值(zhi)模擬，分析其地表沉降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)量(liang)。在(zai)(zai)有(you)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)時(shi)，由于邊頂(ding)(ding)進(jin)邊注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)，因此開挖(wa)后應將(jiang)開挖(wa)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)立刻按(an)(an)照(zhao)觸(chu)變泥漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)學(xue)參(can)數(shu)回填，待全(quan)部管道(dao)(dao)頂(ding)(ding)進(jin)完畢后，再將(jiang)觸(chu)變泥漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)學(xue)參(can)數(shu)換成凝(ning)固體(ti)力(li)(li)學(xue)參(can)數(shu)進(jin)行計算(suan)，比較終(zhong)使其達(da)到平衡(heng)(heng)狀態；在(zai)(zai)無注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)數(shu)值(zhi)模擬計算(suan)時(shi)，管道(dao)(dao)和(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)體(ti)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)按(an)(an)空模型計算(suan)，直至(zhi)達(da)到平衡(heng)(heng)狀態。湖里區(qu)DN2200非開挖(wa)頂(ding)(ding)管施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)，由項目(mu)技(ji)(ji)術負責人(ren)組織全(quan)方面的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術交底(di)。

該(gai)技術在(zai)我國沿海經(jing)濟(ji)發達(da)地(di)(di)區大范圍用(yong)于(yu)(yu)城市地(di)(di)下(xia)給(gei)排水(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)、天然氣(qi)石油管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)、通訊電纜等(deng)各(ge)種管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)(de)非(fei)開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)鋪設。它能(neng)穿越公路(lu)(lu)、鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)、橋梁、高(gao)山、河(he)流(liu)、海峽和地(di)(di)面(mian)任(ren)何建(jian)筑物(wu)。采用(yong)該(gai)技術施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，能(neng)節約一(yi)大筆征地(di)(di)拆(chai)遷(qian)費用(yong)、減少對環(huan)境污染(ran)和道(dao)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)堵塞(sai)，具(ju)(ju)有明顯的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效益和社會效益，工(gong)(gong)作井(jing)(jing)(jing)頂(ding)(ding)進井(jing)(jing)(jing)、接收(shou)井(jing)(jing)(jing)。類(lei)型手掘式、擠壓(ya)式、泥水(shui)平衡式、三段(duan)兩(liang)(liang)鉸型水(shui)力(li)挖(wa)(wa)土式、多刀盤(pan)土壓(ya)平衡式。頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)是繼盾構(gou)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)之后而發展起(qi)(qi)來的(de)(de)一(yi)種地(di)(di)下(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方法，它不需要開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)面(mian)層(ceng)，并且能(neng)夠穿越公路(lu)(lu)、鐵(tie)道(dao)、河(he)川、地(di)(di)面(mian)建(jian)筑物(wu)、地(di)(di)下(xia)構(gou)筑物(wu)以及各(ge)種地(di)(di)下(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線等(deng)。頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)借助于(yu)(yu)主頂(ding)(ding)油缸(gang)及管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)間(jian)中繼間(jian)等(deng)的(de)(de)推(tui)力(li)，把(ba)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)管(guan)(guan)(guan)或掘進機(ji)從工(gong)(gong)作井(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)穿過土層(ceng)一(yi)直推(tui)到接收(shou)井(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)吊起(qi)(qi)。與此同時，也(ye)就把(ba)緊隨工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)管(guan)(guan)(guan)或掘進機(ji)后的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)埋設在(zai)兩(liang)(liang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)之間(jian)，以期實現(xian)非(fei)開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)敷設地(di)(di)下(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方法。

拆(chai)除(chu)(chu)工(gong)程施工(gong)方案1、本工(gong)程的幾處頂管(guan)(guan)(guan)施工(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道部分工(gong)作(zuo)井、接收(shou)井內的鋼板(ban)樁型(xing)鋼支(zhi)護、及(ji)混凝土(tu)后(hou)背墻需要拆(chai)除(chu)(chu)。2、工(gong)作(zuo)井及(ji)接收(shou)井中的鋼板(ban)樁采用25噸(dun)吊(diao)車進行拆(chai)除(chu)(chu)。3、拆(chai)除(chu)(chu)前，先用切割機(ji)把需要拆(chai)除(chu)(chu)的部份(fen)和不用拆(chai)除(chu)(chu)的部分切割分開，避(bi)免拆(chai)除(chu)(chu)及(ji)土(tu)方開挖時(shi)破(po)壞不須拆(chai)除(chu)(chu)的路面。4、拆(chai)除(chu)(chu)注(zhu)意事項：4.1避(bi)免使用大型(xing)機(ji)械，注(zhu)意周(zhou)圍環境進行保(bao)(bao)護；4.2搬運(yun)時(shi)小(xiao)心輕放；4.3施工(gong)時(shi)，要特別注(zhu)意對管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)的保(bao)(bao)護，確保(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)安全。廈(sha)門常(chang)達管(guan)(guan)(guan)業有限公司成立于2015年(nian)4月，座落于美麗的廈(sha)門，主營(ying)銷售(shou)不銹鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)、PSP鋼塑(su)復(fu)合壓力管(guan)(guan)(guan)、離心球墨(mo)鑄(zhu)鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)及(ji)配套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)、鑄(zhu)造制品等相關業務。在工(gong)程銜接處，所(suo)設置的臨時(shi)水準(zhun)點應(ying)相互測校(xiao)調整，以(yi)防止差錯。

它幾乎是(shi)全斷(duan)面全土質(zhi)的(de)(de)掘進(jin)(jin)機。它可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)N值從0-15的(de)(de)粘土，N值1-50的(de)(de)砂土以(yi)及(ji)N值10-50的(de)(de)卵礫石(shi)層(ceng)等(deng)地層(ceng)中(zhong)使用，而且推進(jin)(jin)速(su)度不會有(you)太大的(de)(de)變(bian)化；⑵破碎粒(li)徑(jing)大，其破碎粒(li)徑(jing)可(ke)達掘進(jin)(jin)機直徑(jing)的(de)(de)40-45%之(zhi)(zhi)間；⑶施(shi)(shi)工(gong)精度高，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)后的(de)(de)偏差極小；⑷由于(yu)具有(you)偏心運(yun)動，進(jin)(jin)土的(de)(de)間隙又比較小，即使用清水(shui)(shui)作(zuo)為進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)，也能保持挖掘面的(de)(de)穩定；⑸可(ke)以(yi)進(jin)(jin)行長(chang)距離頂(ding)進(jin)(jin)，也可(ke)用于(yu)曲率半徑(jing)比較小的(de)(de)曲線頂(ding)進(jin)(jin)；⑹施(shi)(shi)工(gong)速(su)度快，每分鐘可(ke)進(jin)(jin)尺100-180mm之(zhi)(zhi)間；⑺機具結構緊湊、維(wei)修保養(yang)簡單、操作(zuo)方便(bian)。無論在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)坑中(zhong)安裝(zhuang)還是(shi)在(zai)接收(shou)井(jing)中(zhong)拆(chai)除都很方便(bian)；泥(ni)(ni)水(shui)(shui)式推進(jin)(jin)工(gong)法適于(yu)頂(ding)進(jin)(jin)管(guan)徑(jing)規格(ge)為Φ600~3000mm。原材料及(ji)成品、半成品的(de)(de)質(zhi)量必須合(he)格(ge)，嚴格(ge)按國家規范和驗(yan)收(shou)標(biao)準進(jin)(jin)行檢驗(yan)。漳州DN2200水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)頂(ding)管(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)哪家便(bian)宜

廈門(men)常達(da)管業(ye)臨時水準點的(de)設置(zhi)應與觀測點靠近(jin)，不(bu)應設置(zhi)在現場堆(dui)料或構(gou)筑(zhu)物施工(gong)開挖處。集美區(qu)DN1400水泥頂管施工(gong)

根據該地區(qu)工(gong)程地質(zhi)勘(kan)察資料及現(xian)場(chang)實際情況(kuang)和設計資料等，本項(xiang)目頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)采用(yong)(yong)泥水(shui)(shui)平(ping)衡(heng)法(fa)。泥水(shui)(shui)平(ping)衡(heng)法(fa)是一種(zhong)對(dui)(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)體不進(jin)行明挖(wa)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道鋪設方法(fa)，其(qi)作用(yong)(yong)原(yuan)理是利用(yong)(yong)頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)設備(bei)即千斤頂(ding)產生前進(jin)的(de)(de)推力(li)(li)(li)，來克(ke)服管(guan)(guan)(guan)道與周圍土(tu)(tu)(tu)體之間(jian)產生的(de)(de)巨(ju)大摩擦力(li)(li)(li)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)道在(zai)前進(jin)的(de)(de)同(tong)時將管(guan)(guan)(guan)道占用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)體不斷地置換出來。該方法(fa)的(de)(de)優點為：1、適(shi)用(yong)(yong)地下水(shui)(shui)壓力(li)(li)(li)變化范圍大的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)；2、在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程中，因(yin)對(dui)(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)體擾動較小(xiao)，泥水(shui)(shui)平(ping)衡(heng)有(you)效地保證了被挖(wa)掘面的(de)(de)穩(wen)定性，因(yin)此地面沉降(jiang)量小(xiao)；3、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)時總(zong)推力(li)(li)(li)比較小(xiao)，適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于在(zai)黏土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)中的(de)(de)長距離頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)集(ji)美區(qu)DN1400水(shui)(shui)泥頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)

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