BUCK電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飽和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流選擇(ze)(ze)不當(dang)。降壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感可(ke)能會增加輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，從(cong)而誤觸發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)進入過流保(bao)護。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)在正常工作模式(shi)(shi)和(he)過流保(bao)護模式(shi)(shi)之間反復切換(huan)，稱為打嗝模式(shi)(shi)，也(ye)可(ke)能造成一定(ding)程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嘯(xiao)叫(jiao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)必須適當(dang)。開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)本身(shen)紋波大(da)，多相(xiang)(xiang)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)具(ju)有(you)紋波小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)點。通(tong)過錯開相(xiang)(xiang)位，可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紋波，抑制嘯(xiao)叫(jiao)。要抑制嘯(xiao)叫(jiao)，除(chu)了修改(gai)上述(shu)軟件、參數和(he)架構(gou)外，典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方案是(shi)使用抗(kang)(kang)嘯(xiao)叫(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，如村田KRM系(xi)列和(he)ZRB系(xi)列。其(qi)特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)可(ke)以(yi)減(jian)少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嘯(xiao)叫(jiao)現(xian)象，吸(xi)收熱量和(he)機械沖擊(ji)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應力，實現(xian)高可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)。與Ta電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)，抗(kang)(kang)嘯(xiao)叫(jiao)MLCC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變(bian)化V比(bi)初始階(jie)段小722%。在布局上也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)優(you)化布局，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)交錯，抑制振動。甚至有(you)人提出在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器旁邊挖(wa)一個(ge)凹槽來緩解(jie)嘯(xiao)叫(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方案。以(yi)上是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器嘯(xiao)叫(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理和(he)避免建(jian)議。MLCC由于其(qi)內(nei)部結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢，其(qi)ESR和(he)ESL都(dou)具(ju)備獨特優(you)勢。所(suo)以(yi)陶瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)具(ju)備更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高頻特性(xing)(xing)。無錫固(gu)態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)品牌(pai)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)性(xing)能不(bu)同性(xing)能是(shi)使用(yong)的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，需求(qiu)比較(jiao)大化是(shi)使用(yong)的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)部分采(cai)用(yong)金屬氧(yang)化物薄(bo)膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)進行濾(lv)(lv)波，應滿(man)足(zu)濾(lv)(lv)波所(suo)需的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)和耐壓。柜子里恐怕只(zhi)有(you)(you)一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。所(suo)以只(zhi)能用(yong)極(ji)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)來濾(lv)(lv)波，極(ji)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)是(shi)不(bu)可逆的。也就是(shi)說，正極(ji)必(bi)須連接到高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)端(duan)子，負極(ji)必(bi)須連接到低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)端(duan)子。一般(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)在1微法(fa)以上，用(yong)于(yu)耦(ou)合、去耦(ou)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)濾(lv)(lv)波等。非(fei)極(ji)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)大多在1微法(fa)以下，參與諧振、耦(ou)合、選頻、限(xian)流等。當然也有(you)(you)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)大，耐壓高的，多用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)無(wu)功補償，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機移相，變頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)移相。非(fei)極(ji)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)有(you)(you)很多種，不(bu)贅述。無(wu)錫固態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)品(pin)牌陶瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器品(pin)種繁多，外形(xing)尺寸相差甚大從0402（約1×0.5mm）。

在開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸出端用的(de)(de)(de)(de)濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，與(yu)工頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)選用的(de)(de)(de)(de)濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)并不(bu)一樣，在工頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)用作(zuo)濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)脈(mo)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)只有100Hz，充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間是(shi)毫秒數(shu)(shu)量(liang)級，為獲得(de)較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)脈(mo)動系(xi)數(shu)(shu)，需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)高(gao)達數(shu)(shu)十萬微法，因而一般低(di)(di)頻(pin)(pin)用普通(tong)鋁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)制造目標是(shi)以(yi)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)為主，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)、損耗角正(zheng)切值以(yi)及漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流是(shi)鑒(jian)別其(qi)(qi)(qi)優(you)劣(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要參數(shu)(shu)。在開關(guan)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)為輸出濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)，由于大多數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)工作(zuo)在方波(bo)(bo)或矩形波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態，含有及其(qi)(qi)(qi)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)次諧波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，其(qi)(qi)(qi)上鋸(ju)齒波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)達數(shu)(shu)十千赫(he)，甚至數(shu)(shu)十兆(zhao)赫(he)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)和低(di)(di)頻(pin)(pin)應(ying)用時(shi)不(bu)同，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)并不(bu)是(shi)主要指標，衡量(liang)它好(hao)壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)則(ze)是(shi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻抗頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)特(te)性。

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)內部連接性(xing)能惡化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)或失效(xiao)時，通常會(hui)出(chu)現開路。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣連接的(de)惡化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)可(ke)能是由腐蝕、振(zhen)動或機械(xie)應力引起的(de)。鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器在高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)或濕熱環境下(xia)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時，陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)引出(chu)箔可(ke)能因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學腐蝕而(er)斷裂。陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)引出(chu)箔與陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)箔接觸(chu)不良也會(hui)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器間(jian)歇(xie)性(xing)開路。1)在工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)初期，鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)在負載工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng)中會(hui)不斷修復(fu)和增(zeng)厚(hou)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)膜(稱為(wei)填形效(xiao)應)，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)下(xia)降。2)在使用后期，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)損耗(hao)(hao)大，溶(rong)液(ye)變稠，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率增(zeng)大，增(zeng)加了等(deng)效(xiao)串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)損耗(hao)(hao)。同時，隨著(zhu)溶(rong)液(ye)粘度(du)的(de)增(zeng)加，鋁(lv)箔表面不均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)膜難(nan)以充分接觸(chu)，減少(shao)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)有效(xiao)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)面積(ji)，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量下(xia)降。此外，在低溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的(de)粘度(du)也會(hui)增(zeng)加，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)損耗(hao)(hao)增(zeng)加，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)下(xia)降。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)兩(liang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)的(de)絕緣材(cai)料，介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)常數大的(de)(如鐵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye))適(shi)合(he)于制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)大容(rong)量小體(ti)積(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，但損耗(hao)(hao)也大。

不(bu)同電(dian)(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量(liang)，不(bu)同的(de)結構原則上(shang)，不(bu)考(kao)(kao)慮(lv)前(qian)列(lie)放電(dian)(dian)，任何形(xing)(xing)狀的(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)都(dou)可(ke)以在環境中(zhong)(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(帶(dai)極(ji)性電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi))是圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)的(de)，方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)的(de)很少(shao)(shao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。非極(ji)性電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)形(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)多樣。如管式、異形(xing)(xing)矩形(xing)(xing)、片狀、方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)、圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)、組合(he)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)和(he)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)等。取決(jue)于它們的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)場合(he)。當然還有隱(yin)形(xing)(xing)。這(zhe)里(li)的(de)隱(yin)形(xing)(xing)指的(de)是分(fen)布電(dian)(dian)容(rong)。在高頻(pin)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)頻(pin)設備中(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)布電(dian)(dian)容(rong)是不(bu)可(ke)忽視的(de)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)環境和(he)目(mu)的(de)在家電(dian)(dian)維修中(zhong)(zhong)，以上(shang)都(dou)能遇到(dao)。要想通俗易(yi)懂(dong)，還得自(zi)己琢磨(mo)。這(zhe)里(li)只(zhi)是參考(kao)(kao)，請指正。極(ji)性電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(如鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)解(jie))由于其內(nei)部的(de)材料和(he)結構，可(ke)以大容(rong)量(liang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，但高頻(pin)特性不(bu)好，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)力(li)濾波等場合(he)，但有高頻(pin)特性好的(de)極(ji)性電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)——鉭電(dian)(dian)解(jie)，價格相對(dui)較貴。陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量(liang)從0.5pF起步，可(ke)以做到(dao)100uF，并且(qie)根據電(dian)(dian)容(rong)封裝（尺寸）的(de)不(bu)同，容(rong)量(liang)也會(hui)不(bu)同。江蘇(su)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)多少(shao)(shao)錢

陶(tao)瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)較坑(keng)的失效就(jiu)是短路了，一旦陶(tao)瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)短路，產品無法正(zheng)常使(shi)用(yong)，危害非常大。無錫固(gu)態電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)品牌

當負(fu)載(zai)頻率上升(sheng)到(dao)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值時，即使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)上的交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓沒有達到(dao)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，負(fu)載(zai)的交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)也(ye)必須保持(chi)不(bu)高于(yu)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值。如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)損耗(hao)因(yin)數引起的發(fa)熱開始發(fa)揮更明(ming)顯的作用，則負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)必須降(jiang)低，如(ru)圖(tu)右側曲線(xian)部分所(suo)示(shi)，其(qi)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)隨著頻率的增加而降(jiang)低。由于(yu)第(di)二類(lei)(lei)(lei)介(jie)質陶瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)遠(yuan)大于(yu)1類(lei)(lei)(lei)介(jie)質電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)濾(lv)波用的F陶瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓通常在1V以(yi)(yi)下，無法加載(zai)到(dao)額(e)定交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)第(di)二類(lei)(lei)(lei)介(jie)質電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)主要討論(lun)允(yun)許(xu)加載(zai)的紋波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。無錫固態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)品牌

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