RB輔(fu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)故障減負(fu)(fu)荷(he)，是(shi)針(zhen)對(dui)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)主要(yao)輔(fu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)故障采取(qu)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)措施，即當(dang)主要(yao)輔(fu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(如給水泵、送風機(ji)(ji)(ji)、引風機(ji)(ji)(ji))發生故障機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)不能帶滿負(fu)(fu)荷(he)時，快速降低機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)措施。分(fen)散控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)運(yun)行維護(hu)的(de)主要(yao)容包括系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在投運(yun)前(qian)應做(zuo)好(hao)必要(yao)項(xiang)目的(de)檢(jian)查，檢(jian)查合格且一(yi)切準備就緒后系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)上電，按(an)照相關步(bu)驟啟(qi)動系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，并(bing)驗收系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)各(ge)部(bu)分(fen)正(zheng)常(chang)后，投入(ru)在線運(yun)行。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)正(zheng)常(chang)運(yun)行后，做(zuo)好(hao)日(ri)常(chang)維護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，發現(xian)問題及時查明原因解(jie)決(jue)處理，并(bing)根據熱(re)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)運(yun)行工(gong)況(kuang)決(jue)定熱(re)控(kong)設備的(de)投入(ru)與(yu)退出。操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)站用來(lai)顯示并(bing)記錄來(lai)自各(ge)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元的(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)數據，是(shi)人與(yu)生產過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)信(xin)息(xi)交互的(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)接口。金華(hua)DCS軟(ruan)冗(rong)余

DCS中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)站用以完成(cheng)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)、生(sheng)成(cheng)、測試和(he)運行(xing)等(deng)任務(wu)，這就需(xu)要(yao)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件支持，這些(xie)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件包(bao)括(kuo)操作(zuo)系統(tong)、編(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)語言及(ji)各種(zhong)工(gong)具軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件等(deng)。一套完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)DCS，在操作(zuo)站上運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件應能實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)如下(xia)功能：實(shi)(shi)(shi)時數(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)、網絡(luo)管理、歷史數(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)管理、圖(tu)形管理、歷史數(shu)(shu)據(ju)趨勢管理、數(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)詳細顯(xian)示與(yu)修(xiu)改、記(ji)錄報表生(sheng)成(cheng)與(yu)打印、人機接口控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)回路(lu)調節、參(can)數(shu)(shu)列表、串行(xing)通(tong)信(xin)和(he)各種(zhong)組態等(deng)。現(xian)(xian)場控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件主(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括(kuo)以實(shi)(shi)(shi)時數(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)為中心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)巡(xun)檢、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算法、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)和(he)網絡(luo)通(tong)信(xin)等(deng)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)組成(cheng)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)時數(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)起到(dao)了中心(xin)環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，在這里進(jin)行(xing)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)共(gong)享，各執行(xing)代碼都與(yu)它交換數(shu)(shu)據(ju)，用來存(cun)儲現(xian)(xian)場采(cai)集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)以及(ji)某些(xie)計(ji)算的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中間結果和(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算法結構等(deng)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息。數(shu)(shu)據(ju)巡(xun)檢模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)用以實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)現(xian)(xian)場數(shu)(shu)據(ju)、故(gu)(gu)障信(xin)號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)集(ji)，并實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字濾波、單(dan)位變換、補償運算等(deng)輔助功能。DCS、多(duo)特性、多(duo)特性、多(duo)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)主(zhu)要(yao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)號以故(gu)(gu)障處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)。金(jin)華DCS軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)冗余DCS可以減少工(gong)業(ye)過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)人員數(shu)(shu)量。

DCS是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)綜合控(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)，它必須具(ju)(ju)有(you)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)控(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)和(he)檢測(ce)系(xi)統(tong)畫(hua)面(mian)顯(xian)示功能。顯(xian)然，不(bu)同的(de)(de)控(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)顯(xian)示的(de)(de)畫(hua)面(mian)是(shi)不(bu)一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)。總(zong)的(de)(de)來說，結合總(zong)貌、分組、控(kong)制回路、流程圖、報(bao)警等(deng)畫(hua)面(mian)，以字符(fu)、棒(bang)圖、曲線等(deng)適當的(de)(de)形式表示出各(ge)種(zhong)測(ce)控(kong)參數(shu)(shu)、系(xi)統(tong)狀(zhuang)態，是(shi)DCS組態的(de)(de)一(yi)項基(ji)本要(yao)(yao)求。此外，根據(ju)(ju)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)還(huan)可顯(xian)示各(ge)類變量目(mu)錄畫(hua)面(mian)、操作指導畫(hua)面(mian)、故障診(zhen)斷畫(hua)面(mian)、工程師維護(hu)畫(hua)面(mian)和(he)系(xi)統(tong)組態畫(hua)面(mian)。實時(shi)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)是(shi)DCS**基(ji)本的(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)資源，這些(xie)實時(shi)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)由實時(shi)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)存儲(chu)和(he)管理。在(zai)DCS中，建立和(he)修改(gai)實時(shi)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)記(ji)錄的(de)(de)方法有(you)多種(zhong)，常用的(de)(de)方法是(shi)用通用數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)工具(ju)(ju)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)文(wen)件，系(xi)統(tong)直接利用這種(zhong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)格式進(jin)行管理或采(cai)用某種(zhong)方法將生成的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)文(wen)件轉(zhuan)換為DCS所要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)格式。

冗(rong)余(yu)是一種(zhong)高(gao)級的(de)(de)(de)可靠性設計技術，1:1熱(re)冗(rong)余(yu)也就是所謂的(de)(de)(de)雙重化(hua)，是其(qi)中(zhong)一種(zhong)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)冗(rong)余(yu)方(fang)式，但它(ta)(ta)并(bing)不是兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)簡單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)并(bing)聯運(yun)行(xing)，而(er)是需要硬件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、通訊(xun)等(deng)協同(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)作(zuo)來實(shi)現(xian)。將互為(wei)冗(rong)余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)構(gou)成一個(ge)(ge)有(you)機的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體，在熱(re)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)式下，其(qi)中(zhong)一塊處(chu)于工(gong)作(zuo)狀態(tai)(tai)（工(gong)作(zuo)卡），實(shi)現(xian)系統的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據采集、運(yun)算(suan)、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)輸出、網絡(luo)通訊(xun)等(deng)功能；而(er)另一塊處(chu)于備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)狀態(tai)(tai)（備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)卡），它(ta)(ta)實(shi)時(shi)**工(gong)作(zuo)卡的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)狀態(tai)(tai)（即狀態(tai)(tai)同(tong)(tong)(tong)步）。工(gong)作(zuo)/備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)卡件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)正/負邏輯是互斥的(de)(de)(de)，即一個(ge)(ge)為(wei)工(gong)作(zuo)卡，另一個(ge)(ge)必定(ding)是備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)卡；而(er)且(qie)它(ta)(ta)們之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)有(you)冗(rong)余(yu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)路(lu)（又稱(cheng)工(gong)作(zuo)/備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)路(lu)）和(he)信息通訊(xun)電(dian)路(lu)，以(yi)協調兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊卡件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)而(er)且(qie)有(you)序(xu)地(di)運(yun)行(xing)，保證對(dui)外輸入輸出特性的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)一性，即對(dui)于用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)而(er)言(yan)，可以(yi)認為(wei)只(zhi)有(you)一個(ge)(ge)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。一般在設計中(zhong)，工(gong)作(zuo)、備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)通過(guo)(guo)高(gao)速的(de)(de)(de)冗(rong)余(yu)通訊(xun)通道（串行(xing)或(huo)并(bing)行(xing)）實(shi)現(xian)運(yun)行(xing)狀態(tai)(tai)互檢(jian)和(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)狀態(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)步（如(ru)組態(tai)(tai)信息、輸出閥位、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)參數(shu)等(deng)）。DCS可以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)對(dui)大(da)規(gui)模工(gong)業(ye)過(guo)(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。

精確及時地(di)發(fa)現故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)后，還(huan)需要及時確定(ding)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)、分(fen)析故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)嚴重性，依賴前(qian)文提到的(de)冗(rong)(rong)余控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)路，對工(gong)作、備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)狀態(tai)進行(xing)分(fen)析、比較和仲裁，以判定(ding)是否需要進行(xing)工(gong)作/備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)之間(jian)的(de)狀態(tai)切(qie)換。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權切(qie)換到冗(rong)(rong)余備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)還(huan)必須(xu)保證快速、安全、無(wu)擾(rao)動。當(dang)處于工(gong)作狀態(tai)的(de)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)出(chu)現故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)（斷(duan)電(dian)、復位(wei)(wei)、軟件(jian)(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、硬件(jian)(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)等）或(huo)者工(gong)作部(bu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)較備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)嚴重時，備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)必須(xu)快速地(di)無(wu)擾(rao)動地(di)接替工(gong)作部(bu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)所有控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任務，對現場控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不造(zao)成(cheng)任何(he)影(ying)響(xiang)。同時要求切(qie)換時間(jian)應為毫秒級(ji)，甚至是微秒級(ji)，這樣(yang)就不會(hui)因為該(gai)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)而造(zao)成(cheng)外(wai)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對象的(de)失控(kong)(kong)或(huo)檢測信息失效等等。另外(wai)，還(huan)需要盡快通過(guo)網絡通訊(xun)或(huo)就地(di)LED顯(xian)示(shi)進行(xing)報警(jing)，通知(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶出(chu)現故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)和故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)情(qing)況(kuang)，以便進行(xing)及時維(wei)護(hu)。DCS通常采用(yong)(yong)(yong)分(fen)級(ji)遞階結構，每一(yi)級(ji)由(you)若干(gan)子系(xi)統組(zu)成(cheng)，每一(yi)個子系(xi)統實現若干(gan)特(te)定(ding)的(de)有限目標(biao).楊浦區DCS控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統

DCS的開發(fa)實(shi)際上就是將系(xi)統提供的各種基(ji)本模(mo)塊按實(shi)際的需要組合成為一個系(xi)統。金華DCS軟冗余

現(xian)場控(kong)制(zhi)站用于現(xian)場信號的(de)(de)(de)采集(ji)處理，控(kong)制(zhi)策略的(de)(de)(de)實現(xian)，并(bing)具有(you)可靠的(de)(de)(de)冗余(yu)保證網絡(luo)通(tong)信功能。通(tong)信網絡(luo)連接分(fen)散控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)分(fen)布部分(fen)，完成數據、指令及其它信息的(de)(de)(de)傳遞。剛果（金）"，特(te)克(ke)斯"分(fen)散控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件是由實時多(duo)任務操作系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、數據庫管理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、數據通(tong)信軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件、組(zu)(zu)態軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件和(he)各(ge)種(zhong)應用軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件組(zu)(zu)成。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)比(bi)公文集(ji)（FSSSS）等(deng)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)比(bi)性(xing)(xing)、多(duo)發(fa)性(xing)(xing)、性(xing)(xing)化DCS集(ji)片集(ji)集(ji)智能網絡(luo)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。DAS數據采集(ji)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)指采用數字計算(suan)(suan)機控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)工藝系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)設備的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)參數、進(jin)(jin)行(xing)檢測，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)檢測結果進(jin)(jin)行(xing)處理、記錄、顯示和(he)報警，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)機組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)情(qing)況進(jin)(jin)行(xing)運算(suan)(suan)分(fen)析，并(bing)提(ti)運行(xing)指導的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)視系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。MCS比(bi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)子對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)比(bi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)比(bi)性(xing)(xing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)比(bi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)比(bi)性(xing)(xing)并(bing)、多(duo)點性(xing)(xing)、可比(bi)性(xing)(xing)、可比(bi)性(xing)(xing)、多(duo)自有(you)性(xing)(xing)金華DCS軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)冗余(yu)

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