pH緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)溶液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)能指標：pH緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)溶液(ye)抵抗外(wai)加(jia)強(qiang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、強(qiang)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)能力可以(yi)用緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)容(rong)量β來表示(shi)，緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)意義是(shi)，使1L緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)溶液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)pH增大(da)1個單(dan)位時(shi)需加(jia)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)（NaOH）的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)量（mol），或減小1個pH單(dan)位時(shi)時(shi)需加(jia)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)（HCl）的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)量，顯(xian)然β越(yue)(yue)大(da)，緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)外(wai)加(jia)強(qiang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)強(qiang)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)能力就(jiu)越(yue)(yue)大(da)。β與(yu)pH、總(zong)(zong)濃(nong)度(du)(du)C及共軛(e)弱(ruo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)比(bi)(bi)有(you)關(guan)。式中的(de)(de)(de)C為弱(ruo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)+弱(ruo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽（或弱(ruo)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)+弱(ruo)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鹽）的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)濃(nong)度(du)(du)，顯(xian)然，總(zong)(zong)濃(nong)度(du)(du)越(yue)(yue)大(da)，緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)能力就(jiu)越(yue)(yue)大(da)。式中的(de)(de)(de)兩個δ分別為弱(ruo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)HA、弱(ruo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)根A-（又(you)稱(cheng)共軛(e)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)）的(de)(de)(de)分布分數(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)，δ定(ding)義為其平(ping)衡濃(nong)度(du)(du)與(yu)總(zong)(zong)濃(nong)度(du)(du)之比(bi)(bi)（我(wo)以(yi)前(qian)在(zai)論壇中曾作過介(jie)紹），它們也是(shi)pH值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)函數(shu)。數(shu)據學上可以(yi)證(zheng)明：恒(heng)定(ding)C時(shi)，當兩個分布分數(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)均(jun)等于0.5時(shi)，緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)容(rong)量較大(da)，其實(shi)用意義是(shi)：選擇(ze)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)溶液(ye)體系(xi)時(shi)，應(ying)該選弱(ruo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)與(yu)弱(ruo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)比(bi)(bi)接近(jin)1，而pH值(zhi)(zhi)仍能滿足(zu)配(pei)制要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)體系(xi)，對于弱(ruo)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及弱(ruo)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鹽溶液(ye)，也有(you)同樣的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。BMC原代分離步驟(zou)：抽取(qu)人的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)周血(xue)(xue)于肝素抗凝管中，取(qu)足(zu)5mL新鮮血(xue)(xue)液(ye)。糖(tang)化血(xue)(xue)紅(hong)蛋白溶血(xue)(xue)劑

試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)空白吸光度是(shi)反映(ying)試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的指標之一，但(dan)不(bu)能反映(ying)試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的全部。試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)份(fen)、純度、用量(liang)及穩定性(xing)，才是(shi)保證試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的關鍵所在。目前市售的一些試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)具有抗(kang)干(gan)擾(rao)作(zuo)用，主要是(shi)通(tong)過加入(ru)抗(kang)干(gan)擾(rao)物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或使(shi)用新的色素原(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)避免內源(yuan)性(xing)物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的干(gan)擾(rao)。但(dan)值(zhi)得注意(yi)的是(shi)：一些試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)項目在消除內源(yuan)性(xing)物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)擾(rao)的同時，會帶來(lai)樣(yang)品含量(liang)真實性(xing)的變化。 線性(xing)范圍變窄 現(xian)象：高值(zhi)測不(bu)高。原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)：生(sheng)產(chan)試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)時有效(xiao)成(cheng)分投(tou)料(liao)量(liang)不(bu)足;試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)份(fen)穩定性(xing)較(jiao)差(cha)。靈敏度變低現(xian)象：酶促反應(ying)速度曲線斜率下降(jiang)，測定結果有嚴(yan)重系(xi)統誤(wu)差(cha)。原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)：試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)物濃度不(bu)足。鄰(lin)苯二(er)酚(fen)紫指示(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(4.0-7.0)科研實驗(yan)中(zhong)試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)取(qu)用應(ying)注意(yi)事項：取(qu)用少(shao)量(liang)的液體—使(shi)用膠頭滴管。

氨(an)芐青霉素(su)是一種β-內酰胺類,干擾肽聚(ju)糖的(de)交聯從而克制細菌(jun)細胞壁的(de)合(he)成，屬于(yu)氨(an)基(ji)青霉素(su)類。氨(an)芐青霉素(su)時常(chang)被(bei)用于(yu)分(fen)子生物學實驗研究中，如用于(yu)配制含氨(an)芐青霉素(su)的(de)LB培養基(ji)或(huo)LB平板等(deng)。氨(an)芐青霉素(su)溶液(ye)由氨(an)芐青霉素(su)溶于(yu)水組(zu)成，經0.22μm過濾(lv)除(chu)菌(jun)，可以直接添加(jia)(jia)到培養基(ji)中。一般工作(zuo)(zuo)濃度為(wei)50～100μg/ml，其(qi)中嚴(yan)緊型(xing)質粒常(chang)采(cai)用20μg/ml，松弛型(xing)質粒常(chang)采(cai)用60μg/ml。使用方法：根據(ju)實驗具體(ti)要求操作(zuo)(zuo)，一般Amp在LB中終濃度為(wei)50～100μg/ml。可以按照1/1000 LB體(ti)積加(jia)(jia)入100mg/ml Amp溶液(ye)，如100ml LB中加(jia)(jia)入100μl Amp 100mg/ml。注意事項(xiang)：1、盡注意無菌(jun)操作(zuo)(zuo)，避免污染(ran)。2、避免反復凍融。3、為(wei)了您的(de)安全和健康(kang)，請穿(chuan)實驗服并戴一次性手套操作(zuo)(zuo)。

從(cong)滴(di)(di)(di)(di)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)中(zhong)(zhong)取用(yong)少量試(shi)劑(ji)。瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)上(shang)(shang)裝有滴(di)(di)(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)試(shi)劑(ji)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)稱作(zuo)滴(di)(di)(di)(di)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)。滴(di)(di)(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)裝有橡(xiang)(xiang)皮(pi)頭，下部(bu)為細長的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)。使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)，提(ti)起(qi)滴(di)(di)(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，使(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口離開液面(mian)，用(yong)手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)緊(jin)捏滴(di)(di)(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)的(de)橡(xiang)(xiang)皮(pi)頭，以趕出滴(di)(di)(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)空(kong)氣，然(ran)后(hou)把滴(di)(di)(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，伸入(ru)(ru)(ru)試(shi)劑(ji)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)中(zhong)(zhong)，放(fang)開手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)，吸入(ru)(ru)(ru)試(shi)劑(ji)。再提(ti)起(qi)滴(di)(di)(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)將試(shi)劑(ji)滴(di)(di)(di)(di)入(ru)(ru)(ru)試(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)或(huo)燒杯(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)。將試(shi)劑(ji)滴(di)(di)(di)(di)入(ru)(ru)(ru)試(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)，可(ke)用(yong)無名指(zhi)(zhi)和中(zhong)(zhong)指(zhi)(zhi)夾住滴(di)(di)(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，將它懸空(kong)地放(fang)在(zai)靠近試(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口的(de)上(shang)(shang)方，然(ran)后(hou)用(yong)大姆指(zhi)(zhi)和食指(zhi)(zhi)掐捏橡(xiang)(xiang)皮(pi)頭，使(shi)試(shi)劑(ji)滴(di)(di)(di)(di)入(ru)(ru)(ru)試(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)。禁止(zhi)將滴(di)(di)(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)伸入(ru)(ru)(ru)試(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)。否則，滴(di)(di)(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)端將很容(rong)易碰到試(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁上(shang)(shang)面(mian)沾附(fu)了其他溶(rong)液。以致(zhi)使(shi)試(shi)劑(ji)被污染。PBS是(shi)磷酸緩沖(chong)鹽溶(rong)液(phosphate buffer saline)一般(ban)作(zuo)為溶(rong)劑(ji)。

溶故配(pei)制(zhi)注意(yi)事(shi)項：1.藥品(pin)要(yao)有較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)質皿(min)試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)分(fen)為優級純(chun)（保(bao)證試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)，Guaranteed reagent,G.R.)，分(fen)析試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(Antalytical reagent, A. R.)化(hua)學純(chun)(Chemical pure，C. P.)和(he)實(shi)驗(yan)試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(Laboratory reagent, L. R.)等(deng)等(deng)。化(hua)學試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)，雜質較(jiao)(jiao)多。只(zhi)在(zai)(zai)個(ge)別情(qing)況下應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)。如配(pei)洗液(ye)用(yong)(yong)的(de)硫酸、配(pei)干燥劑(ji)的(de)氯(lv)化(hua)鈣(gai)等(deng)。2.藥品(pin)稱且要(yao)精確。3.配(pei)制(zhi)試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)新鮮的(de)去(qu)離子水(shui)或雙蒸餾水(shui)，比電(dian)閉值(zhi)在(zai)(zai)50萬歐姆以(yi)上(shang)，PH在(zai)(zai)5.5-7.0之間才可應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)，在(zai)(zai)組織培(pei)養等(deng)特殊用(yong)(yong)途(tu)時應(ying)(ying)(ying)注意(yi)此頂要(yao)求(qiu)。配(pei)制(zhi)一般(ban)化(hua)9k用(yong)(yong)溶液(ye)只(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)用(yong)(yong)雙燕(yan)蒸餾水(shui)或去(qu)離子水(shui).4.配(pei)好后的(de)溶液(ye)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)立即除菌(jun)(jun)處理(如高壓滅(mie)菌(jun)(jun)、抽濾或加抑菌(jun)(jun)物質),以(yi)防(fang)雜菌(jun)(jun)生長。科研實(shi)驗(yan)中試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)取用(yong)(yong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)注意(yi)事(shi)項：當向量筒中傾(qing)(qing)倒(dao)液(ye)體接近(jin)所需刻度時，停(ting)止傾(qing)(qing)倒(dao)。銅檢(jian)測試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)盒(Cuprizone比色法)

冬(dong)季檢測試劑(ji)盒的正確保存：血清標本如(ru)是以無菌(jun)操作別(bie)離。糖化血紅蛋白溶血劑(ji)

檢(jian)(jian)測試劑(ji)盒樣(yang)品收集: 細胞培養上清(qing)(qing)：取細胞培養上清(qing)(qing)于(yu)1000×g離心20分鐘，除去(qu)雜質及細胞碎片。取上清(qing)(qing)檢(jian)(jian)測。其它(ta)生物(wu)(wu)樣(yang)品：1000×g離心20分鐘，取上清(qing)(qing)即可檢(jian)(jian)測。樣(yang)品應(ying)清(qing)(qing)澈透明，懸(xuan)浮物(wu)(wu)應(ying)離心去(qu)除。樣(yang)品收集后若(ruo)在1周內(nei)進行檢(jian)(jian)測的可保存于(yu)4℃，若(ruo)不能及時檢(jian)(jian)測，請(qing)(qing)按(an)一次使用(yong)量分裝(zhuang)，凍(dong)存于(yu)-20℃(1個月內(nei)檢(jian)(jian)測)，或-80℃（6個月內(nei)檢(jian)(jian)測），避免反復凍(dong)融(rong)。如(ru)果(guo)您的樣(yang)品中(zhong)檢(jian)(jian)測物(wu)(wu)濃度高(gao)于(yu)標準品高(gao)值(zhi)，請(qing)(qing)根(gen)據實際(ji)情(qing)況，做(zuo)適當(dang)倍(bei)數稀釋(shi)（建議先做(zuo)預實驗(yan)，以確定稀釋(shi)倍(bei)數）。糖化血(xue)(xue)紅蛋白溶血(xue)(xue)劑(ji)

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