尺度(du)1、定(ding)(ding)類測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)定(ding)(ding)類測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)也(ye)被稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)類別(bie)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)或(huo)定(ding)(ding)名測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，它(ta)是測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)層次中比(bi)(bi)較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種。2、定(ding)(ding)序(xu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)定(ding)(ding)序(xu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)也(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)等(deng)級(ji)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)或(huo)順(shun)序(xu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。定(ding)(ding)序(xu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)取(qu)值可以(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)按(an)照(zhao)某種邏(luo)輯順(shun)序(xu)將(jiang)研(yan)究對(dui)象(xiang)排列(lie)出高(gao)低或(huo)大小，確定(ding)(ding)其等(deng)級(ji)及次序(xu)。3、定(ding)(ding)距測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)定(ding)(ding)距測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)也(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)間(jian)距測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)或(huo)區(qu)間(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。它(ta)不(bu)僅能(neng)夠將(jiang)社會(hui)現象(xiang)或(huo)是事物(wu)區(qu)分為(wei)為(wei)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)類別(bie)、不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)級(ji)別(bie)，而且可以(yi)確定(ding)(ding)它(ta)們相互之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隔距離和(he)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)差別(bie)。4、定(ding)(ding)比(bi)(bi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)定(ding)(ding)比(bi)(bi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)也(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)等(deng)比(bi)(bi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)或(huo)比(bi)(bi)例(li)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。定(ding)(ding)比(bi)(bi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)除了具有(you)(you)上述三(san)種尺度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)部性質之外(wai)，還(huan)具有(you)(you)一(yi)個相對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)0點(dian)(有(you)(you)實際意義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)0點(dian))。新型太陽能(neng)電池(chi)。。。線激(ji)光測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)

三(san)種(zhong)顯示(shi)(shi)(shi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點：較(jiao)早(zao)個(ge)是(shi)共陰極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯示(shi)(shi)(shi)器。它利(li)用(yong)正極(ji)(ji)做(zuo)分(fen)段輸入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理，用(yong)地線(xian)作(zuo)公共輸出，分(fen)段輸入以(yi)高電(dian)平輸入有(you)效。第二個(ge)是(shi)共陽極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯示(shi)(shi)(shi)器。它用(yong)陽極(ji)(ji)做(zuo)集(ji)中(zhong)輸入，和共陰極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接法(fa)相反，分(fen)段以(yi)低電(dian)平輸出有(you)效。第三(san)個(ge)是(shi)帶顯示(shi)(shi)(shi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)路。用(yong)一個(ge)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)路把數(shu)字顯示(shi)(shi)(shi)器封(feng)裝好，就像(xiang)下面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)路圖(tu)一樣，不(bu)分(fen)共陰陽，只要把它當(dang)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)路來用(yong)就行了。（上面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)顯示(shi)(shi)(shi)器是(shi)根據《電(dian)子實用(yong)電(dian)路300例(li)》摘抄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，第三(san)個(ge)是(shi)在(zai)網(wang)絡搜圖(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候目擊所得出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理論(lun)）線(xian)激光測量自(zi)動影(ying)像(xiang)測量儀(yi)已經成(cheng)為國內使用(yong)較(jiao)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)像(xiang)測量儀(yi)種(zhong)類，并(bing)有(you)取代手動影(ying)像(xiang)測量儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢。

尺寸測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀(yi)器具有一(yi)(yi)探頭(tou)，所述探頭(tou)沿著(zhu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)軸線(xian)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。彈性傳輸元件使探頭(tou)能在(zai)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下(xia)(xia)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。如有必(bi)要，探頭(tou)可以(yi)與儀(yi)器剛性連接，例如以(yi)便(bian)實施外(wai)(wai)形(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)描繪。儀(yi)器整個地用(yong)一(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)殼保(bao)護免受(shou)液體射入(ru)和粉(fen)塵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，并且探頭(tou)可以(yi)在(zai)不(bu)打開外(wai)(wai)殼或(huo)(huo)(huo)者不(bu)進入(ru)外(wai)(wai)殼內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)鎖緊(jin)。根(gen)據客觀情況而定，如廠家(jia)(jia)較常測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品、被測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)產品是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)批量(liang)(liang)(liang)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)、是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)要求(qiu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)速度、測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)適合于(yu)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)廠家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)預算(suan)等都會影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)到測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀(yi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選購。影(ying)(ying)(ying)像(xiang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀(yi)分(fen)為手動(dong)(dong)(dong)和自動(dong)(dong)(dong)，會受(shou)到測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)工件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小也重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。三(san)坐(zuo)標測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)機可以(yi)彌補影(ying)(ying)(ying)像(xiang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)受(shou)到市場(chang)價(jia)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)(ying)響(xiang)則可能超(chao)出廠家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)預算(suan)。

光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)分(fen)為光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)發射、光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)和阻擋(dang)層光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)，又稱光(guang)(guang)(guang)生伏特(te)別的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果應(ying)(ying)(ying)。前一(yi)種現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)發生在物(wu)體表(biao)面，又稱外光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)。后兩種現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)發生在物(wu)體內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)，稱為內(nei)(nei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)。按(an)照粒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)說，光(guang)(guang)(guang)是由(you)(you)一(yi)份(fen)一(yi)份(fen)不(bu)連續的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)組成，當某一(yi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)照射到對(dui)(dui)光(guang)(guang)(guang)靈敏(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(如硒)上時，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量可以被該(gai)物(wu)質中的(de)(de)(de)(de)某個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)全部(bu)(bu)吸(xi)收。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)吸(xi)收光(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量后，動能(neng)(neng)立刻(ke)增(zeng)加；如果動能(neng)(neng)增(zeng)大到足以克(ke)服原子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)核對(dui)(dui)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引力，就能(neng)(neng)在十(shi)億分(fen)之一(yi)秒時間內(nei)(nei)飛逸(yi)出(chu)金屬表(biao)面，成為光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，形成光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。單(dan)位時間內(nei)(nei)，入射光(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數量愈大，飛逸(yi)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)就愈多，光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)也就愈強，這種由(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)能(neng)(neng)變成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)動放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，就叫光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)。測量儀(yi)器一(yi)般都(dou)具有(you)刻(ke)度，容積等單(dan)位.

測(ce)量(liang)設備(bei)是實現測(ce)量(liang)過程所必需的測(ce)量(liang)儀器(qi)(qi)、軟件、計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)標(biao)準、標(biao)準樣品（標(biao)準物質(zhi)）或輔(fu)助(zhu)設備(bei)或它(ta)們的組合(he)。測(ce)量(liang)設備(bei)包括：一般通用(yong)測(ce)量(liang)儀器(qi)(qi)（游(you)標(biao)卡尺、壓力表、衡(heng)器(qi)(qi)）；計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)標(biao)準（量(liang)塊標(biao)準裝(zhuang)置）；檢驗設備(bei)（耐電(dian)壓測(ce)試儀、絕緣電(dian)阻表）；輔(fu)助(zhu)設備(bei)（霉菌培養(yang)箱(xiang)(xiang)、烘箱(xiang)(xiang)）；試驗設備(bei)（振動(dong)臺(tai)、老化設備(bei)）；標(biao)準物質(zhi)（參(can)考物質(zhi)、標(biao)準樣品）；檢定(ding)/校準裝(zhuang)置（壓力表檢定(ding)裝(zhuang)置）軟件（測(ce)量(liang)、數(shu)據(ju)處理(li)）與計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機；監視和記(ji)錄(lu)裝(zhuang)置（溫濕度計(ji)(ji)(ji)、溫度記(ji)錄(lu)儀）；儀器(qi)(qi)使用(yong)說明書、數(shu)據(ju)、表格。東莞玻璃厚度測(ce)量(liang)儀器(qi)(qi)。線激光(guang)測(ce)量(liang)

能高效地檢測(ce)各種復雜(za)工件(jian)的(de)輪(lun)廓和表面形(xing)狀尺(chi)寸(cun)、角度及(ji)位置，進而讀取出需要(yao)的(de)幾何量尺(chi)寸(cun).線激光(guang)測(ce)量

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)儀器(qi)(qi)主要利(li)(li)用(yong)比(bi)(bi)例(li)技(ji)術實現測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。對(dui)于直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，是利(li)(li)用(yong)同(tong)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)在兩(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻上產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓所形(xing)成的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓比(bi)(bi)例(li)，或利(li)(li)用(yong)同(tong)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下兩(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)，然(ran)后結(jie)合(he)標準(zhun)(zhun)器(qi)(qi)實現測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)未知量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。提(ti)供比(bi)(bi)例(li)的(de)裝置猶如天平，標準(zhun)(zhun)器(qi)(qi)則相當于砝(fa)碼。根(gen)據這一(yi)類比(bi)(bi)制(zhi)(zhi)成的(de)較(jiao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)儀器(qi)(qi)有直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)(qiao)、直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差(cha)計(ji)等(deng)(deng)。對(dui)于交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)原理與直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基本(ben)相同(tong)，只是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻由阻抗代(dai)替(ti)。因此(ci)，一(yi)般情況下比(bi)(bi)例(li)是復數(shu)；實數(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)或虛數(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)只是其(qi)特例(li)。此(ci)外，還可利(li)(li)用(yong)兩(liang)個有磁耦(ou)合(he)的(de)線圈得到與匝數(shu)成正比(bi)(bi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓實數(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)，或與匝數(shu)成反比(bi)(bi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)實數(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)。根(gen)據這些(xie)原理制(zhi)(zhi)成的(de)較(jiao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)儀器(qi)(qi)有經典交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)(qiao)、感應耦(ou)合(he)比(bi)(bi)例(li)臂電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)(qiao)、交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差(cha)計(ji)、感應分壓器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)儀、互感器(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)。除了上述電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)儀器(qi)(qi)外，還有利(li)(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路組成的(de)等(deng)(deng)值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路元件(jian)以(yi)及利(li)(li)用(yong)數(shu)字(zi)技(ji)術制(zhi)(zhi)成的(de)有源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)(qiao)和(he)數(shu)字(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)(qiao)等(deng)(deng)。20世(shi)紀70年代(dai)以(yi)來，由測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)儀器(qi)(qi)與微計(ji)算機結(jie)合(he)，擴(kuo)大了功能(neng)(neng)，并向智能(neng)(neng)化方(fang)向發展。線激光測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)

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