供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)上下游(you)企業(ye)(ye)為了(le)謀求各(ge)自收益大(da)(da)化，在(zai)單獨決策的(de)(de)過(guo)程中確定的(de)(de)產(chan)品價(jia)格(ge)高于其生產(chan)邊際(ji)成本(ben)的(de)(de)現(xian)象。如果下游(you)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)定價(jia)過(guo)高，必然會造成市場需(xu)求的(de)(de)萎(wei)縮，導致供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)總體(ti)(ti)收益下降。原(yuan)因：企業(ye)(ye)個體(ti)(ti)利(li)益大(da)(da)化的(de)(de)目標和整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)利(li)益大(da)(da)化的(de)(de)目標不一致。沒(mei)有體(ti)(ti)現(xian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)共(gong)擔(dan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則。影(ying)響：如果不能(neng)(neng)很好解決，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)績效(xiao)(xiao)水平會大(da)(da)打折扣，進而影(ying)響人們實施供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)信心。方法：供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)（回購契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)、收入共(gong)享契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)、數(shu)量折扣契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)、小購買數(shu)量契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)、數(shu)量柔性契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)；質量擔(dan)保契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)）供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)的(de)(de)作用：1.減少長鞭(bian)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)影(ying)響;2,實現(xian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)協調(diao)，消除(chu)雙(shuang)重邊際(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)；3.增(zeng)強供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)成員的(de)(de)合作關系(xi)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)需(xu)要考慮供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，如建立(li)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)、制定應(ying)(ying)(ying)急預案等，提高供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)力。潮州服裝供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)

供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)思想：1.“橫向一體化(hua)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)思想；2.非(fei)關(guan)鍵企(qi)(qi)業(ye)采取外包方式分散給業(ye)務(wu)(wu)伙伴，形成(cheng)戰略性(xing)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)伙伴關(guan)系(xi)；3.供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)間(jian)(jian)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是一種合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)競爭；4.以(yi)顧(gu)客滿意度作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)目標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)(wu)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)；5.供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)理(li)追求物流(liu)、信(xin)(xin)息流(liu)、資金(jin)流(liu)、工作(zuo)(zuo)流(liu)和(he)組(zu)織流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)成(cheng)；6.借助信(xin)(xin)息技(ji)術實(shi)現目標(biao)(biao)管(guan)理(li)是基(ji)礎條件；7.更加關(guan)注物流(liu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)。有(you)(you)效(xiao)用戶響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)：不斷降低(di)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)，通過企(qi)(qi)業(ye)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密切(qie)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)帶(dai)給用戶更大的(de)(de)(de)(de)利益和(he)更有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。快速響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)：極(ji)大限(xian)度地減少從原材料到(dao)銷售的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和(he)庫存數，以(yi)提高(gao)(gao)對于用戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。延遲技(ji)術：把(ba)產品(pin)定(ding)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置與(yu)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)盡(jin)量靠(kao)近用戶，以(yi)便顧(gu)客化(hua)。供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)技(ji)術：信(xin)(xin)息系(xi)統模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)、經(jing)濟運行模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)、功(gong)能結構模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)。供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)關(guan)系(xi)研究；企(qi)(qi)業(ye)集(ji)成(cheng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式是戰略伙伴關(guan)系(xi)，五個評價(jia)(jia)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)是柔(rou)(rou)性(xing)、集(ji)成(cheng)、協(xie)調(diao)、簡潔、穩定(ding)。柔(rou)(rou)性(xing)和(he)柔(rou)(rou)性(xing)度量的(de)(de)(de)(de)三維指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)：范圍、費用、時(shi)間(jian)(jian)。供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)績效(xiao)評價(jia)(jia)：資源(yuan)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)（成(cheng)本(ben)、資源(yuan)回收）、輸出指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)（產出與(yu)用戶服務(wu)(wu)）、柔(rou)(rou)性(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)（供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)對變化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)性(xing)）。供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)運作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)調(diao)與(yu)協(xie)同合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)：關(guan)鍵機制是競爭-合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)-協(xie)調(diao)（成(cheng)功(gong)與(yu)否的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵）。潮(chao)州全球供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)外包公司供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)理(li)需要考(kao)慮供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)文(wen)化(hua)建設，如建立共(gong)同價(jia)(jia)值觀、營造良(liang)好企(qi)(qi)業(ye)文(wen)化(hua)等(deng)，提高(gao)(gao)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)凝聚力。

商(shang)業領(ling)域，人(ren)人(ren)都在說(shuo)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈，國際商(shang)貿的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵也(ye)聚焦(jiao)于(yu)(yu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈，那么(me)到底什么(me)是供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈呢？供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(Supplychain)是指為(wei)了提供(gong)(gong)和滿足關(guan)(guan)鍵企業或(huo)消費(fei)者等使用方(fang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、生(sheng)活(huo)所需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或(huo)服(fu)務，相關(guan)(guan)組織或(huo)個(ge)人(ren)對(dui)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)資料進(jin)行(xing)一(yi)系(xi)列包括但(dan)不限于(yu)(yu)“開(kai)采、加工、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、集(ji)成(cheng)、包裝(zhuang)、銷售(shou)、運(yun)輸(shu)”等行(xing)為(wei)，完成(cheng)將上述需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或(huo)服(fu)務成(cheng)功交(jiao)付給(gei)使用方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)全過程以及(ji)各環節和節點上的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)主體，統稱為(wei)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈。而從另(ling)外一(yi)個(ge)角度來說(shuo)：供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈包含了原(yuan)料供(gong)(gong)貨商(shang)、供(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)、制造商(shang)、倉儲(chu)商(shang)、運(yun)輸(shu)商(shang)、分銷商(shang)、零售(shou)商(shang)以及(ji)終端(duan)客戶等多個(ge)主體的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈是(shi)指(zhi)將產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或服(fu)務從供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)傳(chuan)遞到(dao)客戶(hu)的一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)過(guo)程(cheng)，包括采購(gou)、制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)、分(fen)(fen)銷(xiao)、物流(liu)和(he)(he)(he)客戶(hu)服(fu)務等環(huan)節。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈是(shi)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)相互關聯的活(huo)動和(he)(he)(he)流(liu)程(cheng)，旨在(zai)將原材料(liao)、零部(bu)件和(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)品(pin)從供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)轉移到(dao)客戶(hu)手中(zhong)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈中(zhong)的各個環(huan)節包括供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)、制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)商(shang)(shang)、分(fen)(fen)銷(xiao)商(shang)(shang)、零售(shou)商(shang)(shang)和(he)(he)(he)客戶(hu)。它們通過(guo)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)的物流(liu)、庫(ku)存管(guan)(guan)理(li)、采購(gou)、生產(chan)(chan)、分(fen)(fen)銷(xiao)和(he)(he)(he)銷(xiao)售(shou)等環(huan)節進(jin)行(xing)(xing)協調(diao)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈管(guan)(guan)理(li)的目(mu)標是(shi)通過(guo)小化成(cheng)本、提高效率(lv)和(he)(he)(he)質量、優化庫(ku)存管(guan)(guan)理(li)和(he)(he)(he)運輸等手段，使得產(chan)(chan)品(pin)能夠快速地、可靠地、以低成(cheng)本地被傳(chuan)遞到(dao)客戶(hu)手中(zhong)。在(zai)現代(dai)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)環(huan)境中(zhong)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈管(guan)(guan)理(li)已(yi)經成(cheng)為企(qi)業(ye)成(cheng)功的重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)，尤其是(shi)在(zai)全球化和(he)(he)(he)電子商(shang)(shang)務的背景下，它變得更加復(fu)雜和(he)(he)(he)關鍵(jian)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈管(guan)(guan)理(li)需要進(jin)行(xing)(xing)信息安全管(guan)(guan)理(li)，以保護企(qi)業(ye)信息資產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)(he)客戶(hu)隱私。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)根據范圍不同劃分，（1）內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：指企業(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)流(liu)通(tong)過(guo)程(cheng)中所涉及的(de)(de)(de)采購部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)、倉儲部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)、銷售部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)等(deng)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需網(wang)絡(luo)。（2）外部(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：指企業(ye)外部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)，與企業(ye)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)流(liu)通(tong)過(guo)程(cheng)中涉及的(de)(de)(de)原材料供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠商(shang)(shang)、儲運商(shang)(shang)、零售商(shang)(shang)以(yi)及消費(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需網(wang)絡(luo)。內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)和(he)(he)外部(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)共同組(zu)成(cheng)了企業(ye)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)從(cong)原材料到成(cheng)品(pin)到消費(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)根據復雜程(cheng)度不同劃分，（1）直接型供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：在產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、服務、資金和(he)(he)信(xin)息(xi)在往上游和(he)(he)下游的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)中，由公司、此(ci)公司的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)和(he)(he)此(ci)公司的(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu)組(zu)成(cheng)。（2）擴展(zhan)型供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：把直接供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)和(he)(he)直接客戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu)包含(han)在內(nei)(nei)，左右(you)這些成(cheng)員均參與產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、服務、資金和(he)(he)信(xin)息(xi)往上游和(he)(he)下游的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)。（3）終(zhong)(zhong)端型供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：包括參與產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、服務、資金、信(xin)息(xi)從(cong)終(zhong)(zhong)端供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)到終(zhong)(zhong)端消費(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)所有往上游和(he)(he)下游的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)所有組(zu)織。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管理需要進(jin)行(xing)團(tuan)隊管理，以(yi)提高團(tuan)隊凝聚(ju)力和(he)(he)執行(xing)力。珠海(hai)智能(neng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)成(cheng)本是多少(shao)

供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管理需要(yao)考慮供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)透明化，如(ru)公(gong)開供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)信息、建立信任機制等，提高供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)的透明度(du)和信任度(du)。潮(chao)州服裝供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)體系

供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)如何運(yun)作(zuo)？盡管供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)非常復雜(za)，但只需五個(ge)步(bu)驟。以下(xia)是這些步(bu)驟及其(qi)工作(zuo)原理(li)。1、計劃，供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)管理(li)的(de)(de)策(ce)略性(xing)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)，公司需要有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)好的(de)(de)策(ce)略對(dui)(dui)現有(you)的(de)(de)資源進(jin)(jin)行整(zheng)合(he)管理(li)，及時(shi)向客(ke)戶提供(gong)(gong)符合(he)其(qi)要求產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)同時(shi)削減成本。2、采購，選擇供(gong)(gong)應商時(shi)對(dui)(dui)其(qi)進(jin)(jin)行資質審查，與供(gong)(gong)應商建立一(yi)(yi)套定(ding)價、配送(song)和(he)(he)付款(kuan)流(liu)程(cheng)，并針對(dui)(dui)采購業務多樣(yang)化的(de)(de)特點靈活變通，與供(gong)(gong)應商提供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)品與服務的(de)(de)管理(li)流(liu)程(cheng)相結合(he)。3、制造(zao)，對(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)周期、物(wu)料(liao)領用、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)進(jin)(jin)度和(he)(he)反(fan)饋等(deng)環(huan)節進(jin)(jin)行控制，降低運(yun)營成本，縮短交(jiao)貨(huo)(huo)時(shi)間、減少庫(ku)存(cun)，通過設備的(de)(de)有(you)效運(yun)用提收益性(xing)。4、配送(song)，配送(song)，部(bu)分(fen)(fen)人也稱之(zhi)為(wei)“物(wu)流(liu)”，是調整(zheng)用戶的(de)(de)定(ding)單(dan)收據、建立倉庫(ku)網(wang)絡、派遞送(song)人員(yuan)提貨(huo)(huo)并送(song)貨(huo)(huo)到顧客(ke)手中(zhong)(zhong)、建立商品計價系統(tong)、接(jie)收付款(kuan)。5、退貨(huo)(huo)，屬于供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)問題(ti)處(chu)理(li)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)。為(wei)客(ke)戶退回的(de)(de)次品和(he)(he)多余產(chan)(chan)品建立一(yi)(yi)個(ge)專門的(de)(de)網(wang)絡，并在客(ke)戶應用產(chan)(chan)品途中(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)問題(ti)給予支持幫助。潮州服裝供(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)體系

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