、外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)滲漏檢(jian)驗措(cuo)施采(cai)(cai)用連續淋水(shui)(shui)法(fa)，可(ke)用φ20㎜的(de)水(shui)(shui)管，采(cai)(cai)用3kpa壓(ya)力水(shui)(shui)，在(zai)建筑物(wu)頂(ding)層連續淋水(shui)(shui)6h，觀察內(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)面和窗邊(bian)四周有(you)(you)(you)無(wu)滲水(shui)(shui)痕跡。特別注(zhu)意，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)滲水(shui)(shui)具有(you)(you)(you)反(fan)復性，不能(neng)一(yi)次(ci)性施工100%有(you)(you)(you)效。相關簡介：在(zai)合理使用和正常維護的(de)條(tiao)件下，有(you)(you)(you)下列情況之一(yi)的(de)建筑外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)，宜進(jin)行墻(qiang)(qiang)面整體外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)防水(shui)(shui)：1年降水(shui)(shui)量≥800mm地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)高層建筑外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)；2年降水(shui)(shui)量≥600mm且基本(ben)風(feng)壓(ya)≥0.5kN/m2地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)；3年降水(shui)(shui)量≥400mm且基本(ben)風(feng)壓(ya)≥0.4kN/m2地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)保溫的(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)；4年降水(shui)(shui)量≥500mm且基本(ben)風(feng)壓(ya)≥0.35kN/m2地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)保溫的(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)；5年降水(shui)(shui)量≥600mm且基本(ben)風(feng)壓(ya)≥0.3kN/m2地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)保溫的(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)6年降水(shui)(shui)量大于(yu)等于(yu)400mm地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)其他建筑外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)應采(cai)(cai)用節點構造(zao)防水(shui)(shui)措(cuo)施另注(zhu)意墻(qiang)(qiang)體平整度檢(jian)測。松(song)江區(qu)(qu)屋頂(ding)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)防水(shui)(shui)

確保(bao)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)與外墻面(mian)(mian)聯系緊密，屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)節(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)設計和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)至關重(zhong)要。《屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)工(gong)(gong)程技(ji)術規范》及《屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量驗收(shou)規范》GB50207-2002明確要求(qiu)(qiu)應做(zuo)(zuo)好一頭(tou)（防(fang)水層的收(shou)頭(tou)），二縫(feng)（變形縫(feng)，分格縫(feng)），三(san)口（水落口、出入口、檐口）和四根（女兒墻根、設備根、管道根、煙(yan)囪根）等泛(fan)水部(bu)(bu)位的細部(bu)(bu)構造處(chu)理。對(dui)于(yu)解決屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)節(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)滲漏水問題，從設計上，要求(qiu)(qiu)設計人員(yuan)對(dui)這些部(bu)(bu)位強化處(chu)理，詳(xiang)細出圖。充分考慮結構變形、溫差變形、干縮變形、振動等影(ying)響，采用節(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)密封、防(fang)排結合、剛(gang)柔(rou)互補(bu)、多道設防(fang)等做(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)滿(man)足(zu)基層變形的需(xu)要。從施(shi)工(gong)(gong)上，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前(qian)應制定屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)防(fang)水施(shi)工(gong)(gong)專項方案，對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)要詳(xiang)細交底，讓(rang)他們對(dui)操作(zuo)要點(dian)(dian)(dian)做(zuo)(zuo)到心中有(you)數，以(yi)確保(bao)節(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)防(fang)水的可靠性(xing)。附近外墻防(fang)水其功能就(jiu)是要使建筑(zhu)物或構筑(zhu)物在設計耐久年限(xian)內。

外墻(qiang)(qiang)防水(shui)重(zhong)視房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑外墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)防水(shui)設計(ji)(ji)目前，我國(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑行業房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)住宅建(jian)(jian)筑設計(ji)(ji)施(shi)工方面有關于(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑外墻(qiang)(qiang)防水(shui)設計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)規范性設計(ji)(ji)標準基本處于(yu)空白狀(zhuang)況，在建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)(ji)圖紙當中，不涉及外墻(qiang)(qiang)防水(shui)構(gou)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)相關構(gou)造(zao)詳圖，也(ye)缺乏有關的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工說(shuo)明，這通常(chang)造(zao)成施(shi)工人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)無所適從。可以說(shuo)，外墻(qiang)(qiang)滲漏作為房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)工程存(cun)在質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)通病，必須引起我們的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視。建(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)工企業應(ying)當從設計(ji)(ji)環節入手，針對建(jian)(jian)筑外墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)滲漏問題(ti)，盡快制定出相關的(de)(de)(de)審計(ji)(ji)規范、施(shi)工技術(shu)規范等。

穿過外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)管(guan)道宜采(cai)用套(tao)管(guan)，套(tao)管(guan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)內(nei)(nei)高(gao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)低(di)，坡(po)度不應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)小(xiao)(xiao)于5％，套(tao)管(guan)周(zhou)邊應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)做(zuo)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)密封(feng)(feng)處理。  7)女兒(er)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頂宜采(cai)用現澆鋼筋混凝土或金(jin)屬(shu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頂，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頂應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)向(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)找坡(po)，坡(po)度不小(xiao)(xiao)于2％。當采(cai)用混凝土壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頂時，外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)延伸(shen)至壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頂內(nei)(nei)側的(de)(de)滴(di)水(shui)(shui)線(xian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)；當采(cai)用金(jin)屬(shu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頂時，外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)做(zuo)到壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頂的(de)(de)頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)，金(jin)屬(shu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頂應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)采(cai)用金(jin)屬(shu)配(pei)件(jian)固定(ding)。  8)外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)預(yu)埋件(jian)四周(zhou)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用密封(feng)(feng)材料(liao)封(feng)(feng)閉嚴密，密封(feng)(feng)材料(liao)與(yu)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)連續。  9)外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)口(kou)(kou)、通風口(kou)(kou)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)備洞口(kou)(kou)及其他洞口(kou)(kou)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)洞口(kou)(kou)底面(mian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)置往(wang)室(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)方向(xiang)(xiang)不小(xiao)(xiao)于5％的(de)(de)排水(shui)(shui)坡(po)度或采(cai)取(qu)防(fang)(fang)雨水(shui)(shui)倒(dao)灌措施。  10)設(she)(she)(she)(she)在(zai)(zai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)窗臺上、窗側或的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)機位(wei)，都是外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)系統的(de)(de)重(zhong)要組成部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)，暴風雨時還相當于一(yi)個小(xiao)(xiao)屋(wu)面(mian)，與(yu)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)機位(wei)相鄰砌體的(de)(de)根部(bu)(bu)(bu)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)設(she)(she)(she)(she)同墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)厚(hou)不小(xiao)(xiao)于200mm高(gao)的(de)(de)混凝土坎，這一(yi)點也是設(she)(she)(she)(she)計和施工容(rong)易(yi)忽視(shi)的(de)(de)問題。空(kong)(kong)調(diao)機位(wei)的(de)(de)各層(ceng)(ceng)板(ban)(ban)、側墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、頂板(ban)(ban)都應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)采(cai)用聚合(he)(he)物水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)砂漿、聚合(he)(he)物水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)涂料(liao)作防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)。內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)每層(ceng)(ceng)板(ban)(ban)都應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)向(xiang)(xiang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)不小(xiao)(xiao)于5％的(de)(de)排水(shui)(shui)坡(po)，若外(wai)(wai)(wai)裝鋁合(he)(he)金(jin)百頁窗時，窗框下口(kou)(kou)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)有排水(shui)(shui)通道，空(kong)(kong)調(diao)機位(wei)每層(ceng)(ceng)板(ban)(ban)下部(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)有滴(di)水(shui)(shui)線(xian)槽，確保內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)不積水(shui)(shui)。內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)空(kong)(kong)間不受水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)危害的(de)(de)一(yi)項分(fen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)。

穿墻(qiang)管孔(kong)洞(dong)留置和防(fang)水(shui)外墻(qiang)穿墻(qiang)孔(kong)洞(dong)應(ying)根據(ju)設(she)計(ji)要求，在施(shi)工時(shi)預埋(mai)套(tao)管、預埋(mai)帶孔(kong)的混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)塊。在使用(yong)(yong)過程中需要在外墻(qiang)打孔(kong)穿管時(shi)，也可(ke)以用(yong)(yong)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)取芯機進行(xing)鉆孔(kong)。預埋(mai)或(huo)后鉆孔(kong)的穿墻(qiang)孔(kong)洞(dong)應(ying)向外稍作傾(qing)斜，坡度(du)一般為5%～10%，以防(fang)雨水(shui)倒(dao)灌。管壁空隙用(yong)(yong)發(fa)泡(pao)聚氨酯進行(xing)填(tian)充密(mi)封(feng)，也可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)膠(jiao)泥(ni)進行(xing)密(mi)封(feng)。混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)梁、柱與砌體墻(qiang)接(jie)(jie)縫(feng)填(tian)充墻(qiang)在框架(jia)梁底的收頭處理主要有兩種方(fang)法。一是用(yong)(yong)傳(chuan)統的斜磚頂砌方(fang)法，二是用(yong)(yong)發(fa)泡(pao)聚氨酯填(tian)縫(feng)法。接(jie)(jie)縫(feng)迎水(shui)面剛性(xing)(xing)防(fang)水(shui)措施(shi)：覆蓋不(bu)小于300mm寬的熱鍍鋅(xin)鋼(gang)絲網，聚合物水(shui)泥(ni)防(fang)水(shui)砂(sha)漿(jiang)；半剛性(xing)(xing)防(fang)水(shui)措施(shi)：粘貼不(bu)小于200mm寬表(biao)面覆有無(wu)紡布的柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)接(jie)(jie)縫(feng)帶，表(biao)面可(ke)直接(jie)(jie)水(shui)泥(ni)砂(sha)漿(jiang)或(huo)粘貼面磚。再用(yong)(yong)聚合物防(fang)水(shui)漿(jiang)封(feng)口，封(feng)堵嚴密(mi)。無(wu)錫外墻(qiang)防(fang)水(shui)維修(xiu)價格

用膨脹水泥砂漿(jiang)塞滿。松江區屋頂外墻(qiang)防水

外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)施工(gong)前，宜(yi)(yi)先做(zuo)好節點處理(li)，再(zai)進(jin)行大(da)面(mian)(mian)積施工(gong)。外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)門框(kuang)、窗框(kuang)、伸出(chu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)管道、設(she)備或預埋(mai)件等(deng)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)建筑外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)施工(gong)前安裝完(wan)畢(bi)。  4)外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)基層找平(ping)層應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)平(ping)整、堅實、牢固、干凈，不得酥松(song)、起砂(sha)(sha)、起皮。基層表面(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)為平(ping)整的(de)(de)毛(mao)面(mian)(mian)，光滑表面(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)進(jin)行界面(mian)(mian)處理(li)，并應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)按要(yao)求濕潤，界面(mian)(mian)處理(li)材料(liao)涂刷厚(hou)度(du)(du)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)均勻，覆蓋完(wan)全(quan)，收水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)及時進(jin)行砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層施工(gong)。  5)聚合物(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層宜(yi)(yi)采用(yong)壓力噴(pen)涂施工(gong)，每(mei)遍噴(pen)涂厚(hou)度(du)(du)宜(yi)(yi)為3 mm。采用(yong)抹(mo)(mo)壓施工(gong)時每(mei)層厚(hou)度(du)(du)不應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)大(da)于(yu)5 mm，且前一層凝結后方(fang)可抹(mo)(mo)壓后一層。  6)窗臺、窗楣和凸出(chu)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)腰線(xian)等(deng)部位(wei)上表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)坡度(du)(du)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)準(zhun)確(que)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)口下(xia)沿的(de)(de)滴水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線(xian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)連續、順(shun)直。砂(sha)(sha)漿(jiang)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層轉角宜(yi)(yi)抹(mo)(mo)成(cheng)圓弧形，圓弧半徑不應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)小于(yu)5mm，轉角抹(mo)(mo)壓應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)順(shun)直。松(song)江區屋頂外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)

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