單負導電(dian)(dian)(dian)性能(neng)的(de)(de)檢測及(ji)好壞的(de)(de)判斷通(tong)常，鍺材料二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)1kΩ左(zuo)右(you)，反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)300左(zuo)右(you)。硅(gui)材料二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)5kΩ左(zuo)右(you)，反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)∞（無窮(qiong)大）。正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)越(yue)小越(yue)好，反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)越(yue)大越(yue)好。正(zheng)、反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)相差越(yue)懸殊，說(shuo)明二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)單向(xiang)(xiang)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性越(yue)好。若(ruo)測得(de)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)正(zheng)、反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)均接近0或阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)較小，則說(shuo)明該二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)內部已擊穿短路或漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)損壞。若(ruo)測得(de)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)正(zheng)、反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)則均為(wei)無窮(qiong)大，這就說(shuo)明該二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)已開路損壞。門檻電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)理(li)想(xiang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)沒有閾值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。一旦在(zai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)上施(shi)加任(ren)何正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，它將立即在(zai)其結之間(jian)傳導電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。國產(chan)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)

續(xu)流(liu)(liu)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)：續(xu)流(liu)(liu)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管通(tong)(tong)常(chang)和儲能(neng)元件一(yi)起使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，其作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)防止電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)壓電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)突變，為(wei)反向電(dian)(dian)動勢提(ti)供(gong)耗電(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)。電(dian)(dian)感(gan)線圈(quan)可(ke)以經過它給負載(zai)提(ti)供(gong)持續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，以免負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)突變，起到(dao)平滑電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)！在開(kai)(kai)關電(dian)(dian)源中(zhong)，就能(neng)見到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)由二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管和電(dian)(dian)阻串連起來構成的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)續(xu)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)。這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)與變壓器原邊并聯。當開(kai)(kai)關管關斷(duan)時(shi)，續(xu)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)可(ke)以釋放掉變壓器線圈(quan)中(zhong)儲存的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量。 理論(lun)上二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管選用(yong)(yong)(yong)至少(shao)(shao)2倍于(yu)(yu)最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，實際使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)，由于(yu)(yu)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)瞬間(jian)抗過載(zai)能(neng)力較強，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)50A的(de)(de)(de)超快速二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管也行，加上合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)散(san)熱片，實際使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)一(yi)般少(shao)(shao)有損壞。廣(guang)州國產二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管批發廠家通(tong)(tong)常(chang)指的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)環(huan)形調制專門用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管。通(tong)(tong)常(chang)是(shi)直接作(zuo)為(wei)調頻用(yong)(yong)(yong).

二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)簡(jian)易穩壓電路中主(zhu)要利用(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)壓降基本不變(bian)特性。小功率二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)N極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)），在二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外表(biao)大多采用(yong)(yong)一種色圈標(biao)出來(lai)(lai)(lai)，有(you)些二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)用(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)符號來(lai)(lai)(lai)表(biao)示P極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)）或N極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)），也(ye)有(you)采用(yong)(yong)符號標(biao)志(zhi)為“P”、“N”來(lai)(lai)(lai)確定二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性的(de)(de)。發光二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可從引腳長短來(lai)(lai)(lai)識別(bie)，長腳為正(zheng)，短腳為負(fu)(fu)。用(yong)(yong)數字式(shi)萬用(yong)(yong)表(biao)去測(ce)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)時，紅表(biao)筆(bi)接(jie)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，黑表(biao)筆(bi)接(jie)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，此(ci)時測(ce)得的(de)(de)阻值(zhi)(zhi)才是(shi)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)正(zheng)向導通阻值(zhi)(zhi)，這與指針(zhen)式(shi)萬用(yong)(yong)表(biao)的(de)(de)表(biao)筆(bi)接(jie)法(fa)剛好相反。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的輸(shu)出(chu)端口通(tong)常會(hui)(hui)采用一(yi)個反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)二(er)(er)極管來保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)避免受到反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的損壞！如下(xia)圖所示，幾乎絕(jue)大部分(fen)的直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)都會(hui)(hui)在(zai)(zai)輸(shu)出(chu)端口添(tian)加(jia)一(yi)個甚至多個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)。這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)起到濾除(chu)輸(shu)出(chu)紋波和噪聲，而且提供額外的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)用于(yu)減小在(zai)(zai)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)態變(bian)化時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓突(tu)升或(huo)突(tu)降的幅度。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)可(ke)以承受一(yi)些反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，但(dan)也不會(hui)(hui)很高(gao)，一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)1V到1.5V，過(guo)高(gao)的反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會(hui)(hui)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的泄漏甚至更糟糕的情(qing)況。反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)保護二(er)(er)極管可(ke)以限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的方向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)極管的導通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓以內，而且保護二(er)(er)極管的耐流(liu)(liu)值至少(shao)應(ying)該與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的輸(shu)出(chu)最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)一(yi)致。觸(chu)發二(er)(er)極管又稱(cheng)雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)觸(chu)發二(er)(er)極管（DIAC）屬三層結(jie)構，具有對稱(cheng)性(xing)的二(er)(er)端半導體器件。

二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)一種具(ju)有單向(xiang)(xiang)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)二(er)(er)端器(qi)件，有電(dian)(dian)子二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)晶體二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之分，電(dian)(dian)子二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)現已(yi)很少見(jian)到(dao)，比較常(chang)見(jian)和(he)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)多是(shi)晶體二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)單向(xiang)(xiang)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)特性，幾乎在所(suo)有的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，都要用(yong)(yong)到(dao)半導(dao)體二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，它在許多的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中起(qi)著重(zhong)要的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，它是(shi)誕生較早的(de)(de)半導(dao)體器(qi)件之一，其應用(yong)(yong)也非常(chang)廣。二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壓(ya)(ya)降：硅二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（不(bu)(bu)發光(guang)類型）正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壓(ya)(ya)降0.7V，鍺管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壓(ya)(ya)降為0.3V，發光(guang)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壓(ya)(ya)降會隨不(bu)(bu)同(tong)發光(guang)顏(yan)(yan)色而不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。主要有三種顏(yan)(yan)色，具(ju)體壓(ya)(ya)降參考值如(ru)下：紅色發光(guang)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)降為2.0--2.2V，黃色發光(guang)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)降為1.8—2.0V，綠色發光(guang)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)降為3.0—3.2V，正(zheng)常(chang)發光(guang)時的(de)(de)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)約為20mA。外加(jia)反向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不(bu)(bu)超過一定(ding)范圍時，通過二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是(shi)少數(shu)載(zai)流(liu)(liu)子漂移運動所(suo)形(xing)成反向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。惠(hui)州本地(di)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)出(chu)廠價

由(you)于(yu)理(li)想條件，二(er)極管的內部電阻將為零。國產(chan)二(er)極管

測(ce)試(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)好(hao)壞，一(yi)(yi)(yi)）普(pu)通二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)（包括檢(jian)波二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)、整流(liu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)、阻(zu)尼二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)、開關二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)、續流(liu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)）是由一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)PN結(jie)構成的(de)(de)半導體器(qi)件(jian)，具有單向(xiang)導電(dian)(dian)特性(xing)。通過用萬用表(biao)(biao)檢(jian)測(ce)其正(zheng)、反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)，可(ke)以(yi)判(pan)(pan)別(bie)出二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)，還(huan)可(ke)估(gu)測(ce)出二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)是否損壞。1．極(ji)性(xing)的(de)(de)判(pan)(pan)別(bie)將萬用表(biao)(biao)置于(yu)R×100檔或R×1k檔，兩(liang)(liang)表(biao)(biao)筆(bi)分別(bie)接(jie)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)，測(ce)出一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)結(jie)果后，對調兩(liang)(liang)表(biao)(biao)筆(bi)，再(zai)測(ce)出一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)結(jie)果。兩(liang)(liang)次(ci)測(ce)量的(de)(de)結(jie)果中(zhong)，有一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)測(ce)量出的(de)(de)阻(zu)值(zhi)較大（為(wei)反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)），一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)測(ce)量出的(de)(de)阻(zu)值(zhi)較小（為(wei)正(zheng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)）。在阻(zu)值(zhi)較小的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)測(ce)量中(zhong)，黑表(biao)(biao)筆(bi)接(jie)的(de)(de)是二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)正(zheng)極(ji)，紅表(biao)(biao)筆(bi)接(jie)的(de)(de)是二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)負極(ji)。國產二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)

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