定(ding)子(zi)(zi)三相(xiang)繞組(zu)是異(yi)(yi)步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)電(dian)路部分，在異(yi)(yi)步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)運行中起(qi)著很(hen)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，是把電(dian)能(neng)轉換為機(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(neng)的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)部件。定(ding)子(zi)(zi)三相(xiang)繞組(zu)的(de)(de)結構是對(dui)稱的(de)(de)，一(yi)般有六個出線端U1、U2、V1、V2、W1、W2，置于機(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)外側的(de)(de)接(jie)線盒內(nei)，根(gen)據需要接(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)星形（Y）或三角形（△），。定(ding)子(zi)(zi)鐵(tie)心(xin)(xin)是異(yi)(yi)步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)磁路的(de)(de)一(yi)部分，由于主磁場以(yi)同步(bu)轉速相(xiang)對(dui)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)旋轉，為減(jian)小(xiao)在鐵(tie)心(xin)(xin)中引起(qi)的(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)耗，鐵(tie)心(xin)(xin)采用(yong)(yong)0.5mm厚的(de)(de)高導磁硅鋼片疊成(cheng)(cheng)，硅鋼片兩(liang)面(mian)涂有絕緣漆以(yi)減(jian)小(xiao)鐵(tie)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)渦流損(sun)(sun)耗。三相(xiang)異(yi)(yi)步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)三相(xiang)異(yi)(yi)步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)拖(tuo)動(dong)(dong)比(bi)其他形式的(de)(de)拖(tuo)動(dong)(dong)效率高，運行效率較高。與拖(tuo)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械的(de)(de)連接(jie)簡便。廣西常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)三相(xiang)異(yi)(yi)步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)

交(jiao)流三(san)(san)相(xiang)異(yi)步電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)：單(dan)(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)：三(san)(san)相(xiang)異(yi)步電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)，單(dan)(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)就是在每個定(ding)子槽(cao)內(nei)只嵌(qian)置(zhi)一個線(xian)圈有(you)(you)效(xiao)邊的(de)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，因而(er)它的(de)線(xian)圈總數只有(you)(you)電(dian)機(ji)總槽(cao)數的(de)一半。單(dan)(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)優(you)點(dian)是繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)線(xian)圈數少工藝(yi)比較(jiao)簡單(dan)(dan)；沒有(you)(you)層(ceng)(ceng)間絕緣(yuan)故(gu)槽(cao)的(de)利用率提高(gao)；單(dan)(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)結構不(bu)會發生(sheng)(sheng)相(xiang)間擊穿(chuan)故(gu)障等。缺點(dian)則(ze)是繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)電(dian)磁波形不(bu)夠理想(xiang)，電(dian)機(ji)的(de)鐵損和(he)噪音(yin)都較(jiao)大且起動(dong)(dong)(dong)性能也稍差，故(gu)單(dan)(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)一般只用于小(xiao)容量異(yi)步電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)中。單(dan)(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)按(an)照(zhao)其線(xian)圈的(de)形狀和(he)端接部(bu)分(fen)排(pai)列布置(zhi)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)，可分(fen)為(wei)鏈(lian)式(shi)(shi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、交(jiao)叉鏈(lian)式(shi)(shi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、同(tong)心(xin)式(shi)(shi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)交(jiao)叉式(shi)(shi)同(tong)心(xin)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)等幾(ji)種繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)形式(shi)(shi)。礦(kuang)用隔(ge)爆型三(san)(san)相(xiang)異(yi)步電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)現(xian)價三(san)(san)相(xiang)異(yi)步電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)型式(shi)(shi)與種類(lei)(lei)很多，具(ju)有(you)(you)各種各樣的(de)特(te)性，可適(shi)應(ying)不(bu)同(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)產機(ji)械的(de)需要。

變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)調(diao)(diao)速(su)是改(gai)變(bian)(bian)電動機定子電源的(de)頻(pin)(pin)率，從而(er)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)其(qi)同步轉速(su)的(de)調(diao)(diao)速(su)方法(fa)。變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)調(diao)(diao)速(su)系統主要(yao)設備是提供變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)電源的(de)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)，變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)可(ke)分成交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)－直(zhi)流(liu)－交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)和交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)－交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)兩大類(lei)，國內大都使用交(jiao)(jiao)－直(zhi)－交(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)。其(qi)特(te)點(dian)：1、效率高(gao)，調(diao)(diao)速(su)過(guo)程中沒有附加(jia)損耗；2、應用范圍廣，可(ke)用于籠型異(yi)步電動機；3、調(diao)(diao)速(su)范圍大，特(te)性硬，精度(du)高(gao)；4、技術復雜(za)，造(zao)價高(gao)，維護檢(jian)修(xiu)困難。該方法(fa)適(shi)用于要(yao)求精度(du)高(gao)、調(diao)(diao)速(su)性能(neng)較好場合。調(diao)(diao)速(su)裝置(zhi)故(gu)障時可(ke)以切換至全(quan)速(su)運行，避免停產；晶閘(zha)管串級調(diao)(diao)速(su)功率因數偏低(di)，諧波(bo)影(ying)響(xiang)較大。

串(chuan)(chuan)級調(diao)速(su)是指(zhi)繞線式(shi)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)子(zi)回(hui)路中(zhong)串(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)可調(diao)節的(de)(de)(de)(de)附(fu)加(jia)電(dian)勢來(lai)改變電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)差(cha)，達到調(diao)速(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。大部分轉(zhuan)差(cha)功率(lv)(lv)被串(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)附(fu)加(jia)電(dian)勢所吸收(shou)(shou)，再利用(yong)產生附(fu)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置，把吸收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)差(cha)功率(lv)(lv)返(fan)回(hui)電(dian)網或(huo)轉(zhuan)換能量(liang)加(jia)以利用(yong)。根(gen)據轉(zhuan)差(cha)功率(lv)(lv)吸收(shou)(shou)利用(yong)方式(shi)，串(chuan)(chuan)級調(diao)速(su)可分為電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)串(chuan)(chuan)級調(diao)速(su)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)械串(chuan)(chuan)級調(diao)速(su)及晶(jing)閘管串(chuan)(chuan)級調(diao)速(su)形式(shi)，多采用(yong)晶(jing)閘管串(chuan)(chuan)級調(diao)速(su)，其特(te)點為：1、可將(jiang)調(diao)速(su)過程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)差(cha)損耗回(hui)饋到電(dian)網或(huo)生產機(ji)(ji)(ji)械上(shang)，效率(lv)(lv)較(jiao)高；2、裝(zhuang)置容(rong)量(liang)與調(diao)速(su)范圍(wei)成正比，投資省，適用(yong)于(yu)調(diao)速(su)范圍(wei)在額定轉(zhuan)速(su)70%－90%的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產機(ji)(ji)(ji)械上(shang)；三(san)相異步電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)子(zi)和定子(zi)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械接觸需要(yao)保(bao)持良好(hao)，以避免磨損和損壞。

三相交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)軸(zhou)上額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)輸(shu)出功(gong)率與輸(shu)人電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率的(de)關系為：式中：cosθN是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)在額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)運(yun)行(xing)狀(zhuang)態下定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)側的(de)功(gong)率因數(shu)；ηN為額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)運(yun)行(xing)狀(zhuang)態下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)效率。此外，繞(rao)線轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)異(yi)(yi)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)還標有(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。前者(zhe)(zhe)系指定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)加額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)開路時兩集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢（線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢）；后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)系指定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)值時轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。什么故障可以(yi)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)球(qiu))組(zu)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)馬達傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)齒(chi)輪(lun)打齒(chi)的(de)事(shi)故？蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)不(bu)足蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)過(guo)高；啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)不(bu)工作；啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)馬達傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)齒(chi)輪(lun)與飛輪(lun)齒(chi)圈(quan)不(bu)能嚙合；啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)進入嚙合柴(chai)油機(ji)(ji)不(bu)能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)或轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)無(wu)力(li)；啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)不(bu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)；啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)失(shi)效；柴(chai)油機(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)后(hou)和(he)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)不(bu)能分離。三相異(yi)(yi)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)運(yun)行(xing)溫(wen)度(du)(du)通常(chang)在60℃以(yi)下，需(xu)要注(zhu)意散熱和(he)保護措施。寧波(bo)y型三相異(yi)(yi)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)

三(san)(san)相異步電(dian)動機的電(dian)氣性能(neng)包括(kuo)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流(liu)、功(gong)率因(yin)數、效率等指(zhi)標。廣西常用的三(san)(san)相異步電(dian)動機

三相(xiang)(xiang)異步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)機的檢(jian)查方法(fa)(fa)：⑴觀察法(fa)(fa)。通過目測繞組(zu)端(duan)部及線槽(cao)內絕緣物(wu)觀察有(you)無(wu)損傷(shang)和焦黑的痕跡，如(ru)有(you)就(jiu)是接(jie)(jie)地點。⑵萬用(yong)表(biao)檢(jian)查法(fa)(fa)。用(yong)萬用(yong)表(biao)低阻檔檢(jian)查，讀(du)數很小，則為(wei)接(jie)(jie)地。⑶兆歐(ou)表(biao)法(fa)(fa)。根據不(bu)同的等級選(xuan)用(yong)不(bu)同的兆歐(ou)表(biao)測量每組(zu)電(dian)阻的絕緣電(dian)阻，若讀(du)數為(wei)零，則表(biao)示該(gai)項(xiang)繞組(zu)接(jie)(jie)地，但對電(dian)機絕緣受潮或因事故而擊(ji)穿，需依據經驗判定，一般說來指針(zhen)在(zai)(zai)“0”處(chu)搖擺不(bu)定時，可認為(wei)其具(ju)有(you)一定的電(dian)阻值。分組(zu)淘(tao)汰法(fa)(fa)。對于(yu)接(jie)(jie)地點在(zai)(zai)鐵芯心里面且燒灼比較厲害，燒損的銅線與鐵芯熔(rong)在(zai)(zai)一起(qi)。采用(yong)的方法(fa)(fa)是把(ba)接(jie)(jie)地的一相(xiang)(xiang)繞組(zu)分成兩半，依此類推，找出接(jie)(jie)地點。廣(guang)西常用(yong)的三相(xiang)(xiang)異步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)機

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