供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管理(li)協會(ASCM,原APICS協會)給(gei)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)定(ding)(ding)義更為(wei)完(wan)整并(bing)充(chong)滿(man)現代(dai)氣息：“供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)全(quan)局(ju)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)、用(yong)來(lai)將(jiang)原材料轉化成產(chan)品或服務并(bing)配(pei)送到用(yong)戶手里的(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)，其(qi)中包含(han)了(le)信(xin)息、實(shi)物(wu)和現金(jin)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流動。”也就是說，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)由客(ke)戶、制造商(shang)和供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)等(deng)實(shi)體構(gou)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)網(wang)絡(luo)，以及(ji)各種(zhong)(zhong)流程所(suo)組成，而供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)強調的(de)(de)(de)(de)是該(gai)鏈(lian)(lian)條上各個(ge)(ge)企業實(shi)體之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)合作(zuo)!另外(wai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)廣為(wei)人知的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)模型是美國供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)協會(SupplyChainCouncil,即SCC,現已與(yu)APICS合并(bing))提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)運作(zuo)參考模型(SCOR),其(qi)中對供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概念的(de)(de)(de)(de)解釋是：供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)作(zuo)為(wei)目前國際上廣使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)術語，囊括(kuo)了(le)涉及(ji)生產(chan)與(yu)交(jiao)付產(chan)品和服務的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)切努(nu)力，從供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)到客(ke)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)客(ke)戶。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管理(li)需要進行風險管理(li)，以應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)對各種(zhong)(zhong)不確定(ding)(ding)性因素。肇(zhao)慶供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)外(wai)包公司

基于對產業供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)深度理(li)解(jie)，依托(tuo)數字化管理(li)能(neng)(neng)力，多方面將供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)與三大(da)流(liu)進(jin)行(xing)融(rong)合，不斷提升和優化參與方在(zai)各(ge)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)的(de)協作(zuo)(zuo)，以確保產品能(neng)(neng)夠在(zai)低成本、高效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)和高質量的(de)情況下被傳(chuan)遞到客戶手中(zhong)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)關(guan)鍵環(huan)(huan)節(jie)：計劃-->采購-->制(zhi)造-->倉儲-->銷售(shou)（訂(ding)單）-->交(jiao)付（運輸、配送(song)、園區）-->服務（售(shou)前、售(shou)后、金融(rong)）各(ge)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)通(tong)過數據系統(tong)進(jin)行(xing)串聯(lian)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)每一個(ge)(ge)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)具(ju)體怎(zen)么展開？怎(zen)么監(jian)控(kong)各(ge)個(ge)(ge)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果？以及各(ge)個(ge)(ge)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)之(zhi)間如(ru)何有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)協作(zuo)(zuo)，可以對降(jiang)本增效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)產生(sheng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果？這就(jiu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)我(wo)們了解(jie)每一個(ge)(ge)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)，對其中(zhong)的(de)人、事、物有(you)一個(ge)(ge)充分的(de)了解(jie)。肇(zhao)慶國際供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)系統(tong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管理(li)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化，如(ru)采用人工智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)、大(da)數據等技術，提高供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化水平(ping)和效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。

推拉結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈：推動(dong)式(shi)（供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈上游供應(ying)(ying)(ying)商一端是以預測驅動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產和供應(ying)(ying)(ying)）和拉動(dong)式(shi)（以客(ke)戶需求(qiu)驅動(dong)）。供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)：1.合(he)作(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)（體(ti)(ti)現(xian)了戰略合(he)作(zuo)伙伴關系(xi)(xi)和企(qi)業(ye)(ye)內外資(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)集成(cheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)優化(hua)利用。基于時間的(de)(de)(de)競爭和價(jia)值鏈及價(jia)值讓渡系(xi)(xi)統管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)或基于價(jia)值的(de)(de)(de)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)）；2.決(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)（基于互聯網(wang)/物聯網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)放性(xing)信息(xi)(xi)環境(jing)下的(de)(de)(de)群體(ti)(ti)決(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)模式(shi)）；3.激勵機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)；4.自律機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)；5.風(feng)險機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)；6.信任機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)基于供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)擴展(zhan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)模型：“X”模型，將供應(ying)(ying)(ying)、生(sheng)產、分(fen)銷(xiao)(xiao)有機(ji)結(jie)合(he)，考慮產品與(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)造設(she)計(ji)工作(zuo)和供應(ying)(ying)(ying)商、分(fen)銷(xiao)(xiao)商甚(shen)至顧(gu)客(ke)。實(shi)現(xian)信息(xi)(xi)共(gong)享和集成(cheng)。集成(cheng)化(hua)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)論(lun)模型：由(you)顧(gu)客(ke)化(hua)需求(qiu)-集成(cheng)計(ji)劃-業(ye)(ye)務流(liu)程重組(zu)-面(mian)向對象的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)成(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)回(hui)路(lu)（作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)回(hui)路(lu)）；由(you)顧(gu)客(ke)化(hua)策(ce)(ce)(ce)略-信息(xi)(xi)共(gong)享-調整(zheng)適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)性(xing)-創造性(xing)團(tuan)隊組(zu)成(cheng)第二個回(hui)路(lu)（策(ce)(ce)(ce)略回(hui)路(lu)）；在(zai)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)回(hui)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)每個作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)形成(cheng)各(ge)種相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)性(xing)能評價(jia)與(yu)(yu)(yu)提高(gao)回(hui)路(lu)（性(xing)能評價(jia)回(hui)路(lu)）。

供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)根(gen)(gen)據范(fan)圍(wei)不(bu)同(tong)劃分(fen)，（1）內(nei)部(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)：指(zhi)企(qi)業內(nei)部(bu)(bu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)和流(liu)通過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)所涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)采購部(bu)(bu)門(men)、生產(chan)(chan)部(bu)(bu)門(men)、倉儲部(bu)(bu)門(men)、銷售(shou)部(bu)(bu)門(men)等(deng)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)網絡。（2）外部(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)：指(zhi)企(qi)業外部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，與企(qi)業相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)和流(liu)通過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)材料供(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)、生產(chan)(chan)廠商(shang)、儲運商(shang)、零售(shou)商(shang)以及(ji)消(xiao)費者(zhe)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)網絡。內(nei)部(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)和外部(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)共同(tong)組(zu)成(cheng)了企(qi)業產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)從(cong)原(yuan)材料到(dao)成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)(pin)到(dao)消(xiao)費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)。供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)根(gen)(gen)據復雜(za)程(cheng)(cheng)度不(bu)同(tong)劃分(fen)，（1）直接(jie)型供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)：在(zai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、服(fu)務(wu)、資(zi)金和信(xin)息(xi)在(zai)往(wang)上(shang)游(you)(you)和下游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，由公(gong)司、此公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)和此公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu)組(zu)成(cheng)。（2）擴展(zhan)型供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)：把直接(jie)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)和直接(jie)客戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu)包含在(zai)內(nei)，左右(you)這些成(cheng)員(yuan)均參與產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、服(fu)務(wu)、資(zi)金和信(xin)息(xi)往(wang)上(shang)游(you)(you)和下游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動過程(cheng)(cheng)。（3）終(zhong)端型供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)：包括參與產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、服(fu)務(wu)、資(zi)金、信(xin)息(xi)從(cong)終(zhong)端供(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)到(dao)終(zhong)端消(xiao)費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)往(wang)上(shang)游(you)(you)和下游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)組(zu)織。供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管理(li)需(xu)要進行成(cheng)本控制(zhi)，以提高企(qi)業盈利能力。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)根(gen)據(ju)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)性(xing)不同劃(hua)分，（1）穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：基(ji)于(yu)(yu)相對穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)、單一(yi)的(de)(de)市場需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)而組成(cheng)的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)性(xing)較強。（2）動態(tai)(tai)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：基(ji)于(yu)(yu)相對頻繁變(bian)(bian)化(hua)、復雜(za)的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)而組成(cheng)的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)動態(tai)(tai)性(xing)較高。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)根(gen)據(ju)容量(liang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)不同劃(hua)分，（1）平衡(heng)的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：一(yi)個供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)具有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)、相對穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)設(she)備容量(liang)和(he)生產能力(li)（所有節點企(qi)業能力(li)的(de)(de)綜合(he)，包(bao)括供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)、制造商(shang)、運輸商(shang)、分銷商(shang)、零售(shou)商(shang)等(deng)(deng)），但用戶(hu)(hu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)不斷變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)，當(dang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)容量(liang)能滿足用戶(hu)(hu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)時，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)平衡(heng)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。（2）傾斜的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：當(dang)市場變(bian)(bian)化(hua)加劇(ju)，造成(cheng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)成(cheng)本(ben)增(zeng)(zeng)加、庫存增(zeng)(zeng)加、浪(lang)費增(zeng)(zeng)加等(deng)(deng)現(xian)象(xiang)時，企(qi)業不是在非常好(hao)的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)下(xia)運作(zuo)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)則處(chu)于(yu)(yu)傾斜狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管理需(xu)(xu)(xu)要考(kao)慮供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)成(cheng)本(ben)管理，如降低(di)采購成(cheng)本(ben)、提(ti)高生產效率等(deng)(deng)，降低(di)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)成(cheng)本(ben)。深(shen)圳生鮮供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)公司

供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)管理需(xu)要(yao)考(kao)慮供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)協(xie)同，如供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)協(xie)同、客(ke)戶協(xie)同等(deng)，實現供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)各方的協(xie)同作業(ye)和共同發(fa)展。肇慶供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)外包公司

早期的(de)(de)(de)觀點認為(wei)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)是(shi)指(zhi)將采(cai)購的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)材料和(he)(he)收到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)部件，通過(guo)生產(chan)轉(zhuan)換和(he)(he)銷售等活動傳遞到(dao)用(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個過(guo)程(cheng)。因此，供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)被視為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)內(nei)(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個物流過(guo)程(cheng)，它所涉及的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)物料采(cai)購、庫存、生產(chan)和(he)(he)分銷諸部門的(de)(de)(de)職能協調問題(ti)，目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)為(wei)了優化(hua)(hua)企(qi)業(ye)內(nei)(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)流程(cheng)、降低物流成本，從(cong)而(er)提(ti)高經營效率(lv)。進入20世紀90年代(dai)，人們對供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)理解又(you)發生了新的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)：首先，由(you)于需求(qiu)環境的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，原(yuan)來被排(pai)斥在供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)之外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)戶、消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)地位得到(dao)了前所未有的(de)(de)(de)重視，從(cong)而(er)被納入了供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)范圍。這(zhe)樣(yang)，供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)就不再(zai)只是(shi)一(yi)條生產(chan)鏈(lian)(lian)了，而(er)是(shi)一(yi)個涵蓋了整個產(chan)品(pin)運(yun)動過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)值鏈(lian)(lian)。肇(zhao)慶供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)外(wai)包公司

本(ben)文來自四川精碳偉業環保科技有限責任(ren)公司：//wasul.cn/Article/74d31099615.html