2.4對(dui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的采(cai)購、加工(gong)和運輸(shu)以及存儲建立管理(li)(li)制度(du)，加快材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的周轉，減少材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的占用(yong)量(liang)，避(bi)免材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)損失(shi)，變質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、按(an)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、按(an)量(liang)、按(an)期滿足工(gong)程需要(yao)(yao)。2.5原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)及成品(pin)(pin)、半成品(pin)(pin)的質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)必須合(he)(he)(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，嚴格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)按(an)國家規范和驗收標準(zhun)進(jin)行檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗。對(dui)水(shui)泥。鋼筋、焊條等材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)應有(you)合(he)(he)(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)證，進(jin)場必須后(hou)取樣(yang)要(yao)(yao)復試，不(bu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)不(bu)得(de)用(yong)于(yu)工(gong)程上(shang)。2.6對(dui)于(yu)每道(dao)(dao)工(gong)序(xu)施工(gong)，都要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行技術交底工(gong)作，堅持(chi)“自檢(jian)(jian)(jian)”、“專檢(jian)(jian)(jian)”、“交接(jie)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)”三(san)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)制度(du)，堅持(chi)上(shang)道(dao)(dao)工(gong)序(xu)的施工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)達(da)到合(he)(he)(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)標準(zhun)，并及時上(shang)報監理(li)(li)，監理(li)(li)認定工(gong)序(xu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)合(he)(he)(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)后(hou)，下道(dao)(dao)工(gong)序(xu)才能施工(gong)的原則(ze)。凡是(shi)在交接(jie)程序(xu)上(shang)出現(xian)了質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)通病，項(xiang)目(mu)經理(li)(li)必須對(dui)交接(jie)人員進(jin)行檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)，項(xiang)目(mu)經理(li)(li)不(bu)追查(cha)責(ze)任的，公司將追查(cha)項(xiang)目(mu)經理(li)(li)責(ze)任。機械作業要(yao)(yao)嚴格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)按(an)文明施工(gong)的有(you)關規定進(jin)行，嚴禁擾民影響市容的現(xian)象(xiang)出現(xian)。漳州DN2400鋼管頂管施工(gong)隊

上(shang)世紀80年代(dai)以來發展更為迅速，頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)無論在理(li)論上(shang)，還是在施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝方面，都有(you)了(le)長(chang)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展。1984年前后(hou)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)北京、上(shang)海、南(nan)京等地先(xian)(xian)后(hou)開始引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械式頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)設備，使我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)上(shang)了(le)一個新臺(tai)階。尤(you)其是在上(shang)海市政公司引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)了(le)日本(ben)伊勢機(ji)(ISEKI)公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)800mm直徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)Telemale頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)掘(jue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)機(ji)之(zhi)后(hou)，國(guo)(guo)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)理(li)論、施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)和(he)管(guan)理(li)經驗也進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)中國(guo)(guo)，如(ru)土(tu)(tu)壓(ya)(ya)平衡理(li)論、泥水(shui)平頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種試驗和(he)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一些理(li)論研究。當時(shi)(shi)，口徑(jing)在2m的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼筋混凝土(tu)(tu)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一次推進(jin)(jin)(jin)距(ju)離可(ke)達120m，后(hou)在1988和(he)1992年研制成功我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)頭一臺(tai)多(duo)刀盤土(tu)(tu)壓(ya)(ya)平衡掘(jue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)機(ji)(DN2720mm)和(he)頭一臺(tai)加泥式土(tu)(tu)壓(ya)(ya)平衡式掘(jue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)機(ji)(DN1440mm)，均(jun)取得了(le)較(jiao)令人滿意的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果。與此同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，對頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論研究的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注(zhu)逐年增強，并(bing)開始出現了(le)比較(jiao)專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)人員(yuan)，90年代(dai)后(hou)，以當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)掘(jue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)機(ji)還不夠完善。寧德DN2400非開挖(wa)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)施工(gong)(gong)價格臨時(shi)(shi)水(shui)準點應設置在交通(tong)要道、挖(wa)填方范圍以外(wai)。

技術(shu)措施(shi)(shi)2.1本工(gong)程頂(ding)管(guan)的(de)管(guan)段計劃采(cai)用2套頂(ding)管(guan)設備，幾處施(shi)(shi)工(gong)段分為兩處階段頂(ding)進(jin)(jin)(jin)。2.2工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)井和接收井上部(bu)采(cai)用人機配合開完(wan)，下部(bu)采(cai)取人工(gong)開挖作(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)。為保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)井施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程中避(bi)免受到地下水侵擾，采(cai)用深(shen)井井點降水法(fa)，以保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)順利進(jin)(jin)(jin)行，按(an)(an)期(qi)完(wan)工(gong)，為后(hou)續(xu)頂(ding)管(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)創造(zao)有利條件。2.3我(wo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)所需(xu)各材料(liao)(liao)時，首先對供(gong)貨方(fang)(fang)(fang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行質量(liang)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)能力評定(ding)，確(que)保(bao)材料(liao)(liao)按(an)(an)質、按(an)(an)量(liang)、按(an)(an)期(qi)供(gong)應(ying)。質量(liang)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)能力評定(ding)主要按(an)(an)以下內容進(jin)(jin)(jin)行：2.3.1材料(liao)(liao)供(gong)應(ying)的(de)表現情況，如(ru)材料(liao)(liao)質量(liang)、交(jiao)(jiao)貨期(qi)等；2.3.2供(gong)貨方(fang)(fang)(fang)質量(liang)管(guan)理體系(xi)對于按(an)(an)要求(qiu)如(ru)期(qi)提交(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)品的(de)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)能力；2.3.3供(gong)貨方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)顧客(ke)滿(man)意程度；2.3.4供(gong)貨方(fang)(fang)(fang)交(jiao)(jiao)付(fu)材料(liao)(liao)之(zhi)后(hou)的(de)服務和支持能力；2.3.5其他如(ru)價格(ge)、履(lv)約能力等。

2001年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)～12月(yue)(yue)嘉(jia)興(xing)市(shi)污水處理排海工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)一次(ci)頂(ding)(ding)進2050m超長(chang)距離(li)鋼筋混凝土頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)，由于(yu)選擇了(le)(le)合理的(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)機具型式、成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)地解決了(le)(le)減阻泥漿運用和軸線控制等技術難題，用約5個月(yue)(yue)完成(cheng)(cheng)全部(bu)頂(ding)(ding)進施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，創(chuang)造了(le)(le)新的(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)記(ji)錄。全長(chang)3600m、管(guan)(guan)徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)1.8米的(de)(de)(de)鋼管(guan)(guan)從(cong)23至(zhi)25米深的(de)(de)(de)地下于(yu)2002年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)橫(heng)穿黃(huang)河，無論從(cong)頂(ding)(ding)進長(chang)度、埋深、地質(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)，還(huan)是(shi)鋼管(guan)(guan)直徑(jing)(jing)在國內尚(shang)屬頭一次(ci)。其中(zhong)比較(jiao)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)一段位于(yu)黃(huang)河主(zhu)河床上(shang)，長(chang)達(da)1259米，還(huan)要穿越(yue)較(jiao)厚的(de)(de)(de)礫砂層與黃(huang)河主(zhu)河槽，既(ji)是(shi)我國西(xi)氣東輸項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，也是(shi)世界上(shang)復(fu)雜(za)地質(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)下大直徑(jing)(jing)鋼管(guan)(guan)一次(ci)性頂(ding)(ding)進距離(li)比較(jiao)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。廈(sha)門常(chang)達(da)管(guan)(guan)業電(dian)工(gong)(gong)、電(dian)焊工(gong)(gong)、起重工(gong)(gong)等特殊工(gong)(gong)種作業人員必須經過專業培(pei)訓，持證上(shang)崗(gang)。

刃口(kou)(kou)式(shi)(shi)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法的(de)(de)掘(jue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)機(ji)結(jie)構較簡單，其(qi)(qi)刃口(kou)(kou)部分（即(ji)機(ji)頭(tou)）加工(gong)(gong)(gong)簡便，可(ke)以(yi)根(gen)據土質條件加工(gong)(gong)(gong)成全(quan)敞(chang)開式(shi)(shi)、半敞(chang)開式(shi)(shi)或活瓣(ban)式(shi)(shi)，一般稱之為(wei)敞(chang)開式(shi)(shi)掘(jue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)機(ji)。刃口(kou)(kou)式(shi)(shi)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法可(ke)適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)軟土地(di)(di)層中、地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)位以(yi)上黃土地(di)(di)層中、地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)位以(yi)上強風(feng)巖地(di)(di)層中。刃口(kou)(kou)式(shi)(shi)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本低，在(zai)頂進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)過程中如遇前方(fang)障礙物(wu)可(ke)立即(ji)采用(yong)(yong)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)排除(chu)；其(qi)(qi)缺點(dian)是頂進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)管徑應大(da)于(yu)(yu)Φ800mm，否則不(bu)便于(yu)(yu)人員進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)；頂進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)距(ju)離不(bu)宜過長(chang)，一般對(dui)于(yu)(yu)Φ800mm頂管、其(qi)(qi)頂進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)距(ju)離不(bu)宜超過150m，管徑較大(da)時(shi)可(ke)適當(dang)延(yan)長(chang)頂進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)距(ju)離；同時(shi)在(zai)管內應設(she)置照明、通(tong)風(feng)和通(tong)訊設(she)備；由(you)于(yu)(yu)是采用(yong)(yong)敞(chang)開式(shi)(shi)或半敞(chang)開式(shi)(shi)取土，頂進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)完成后地(di)(di)表均有(you)沉降(jiang)現象，不(bu)適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)已建(jian)(jian)成的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)區域，一般在(zai)類(lei)似于(yu)(yu)農(nong)田(tian)對(dui)地(di)(di)面沉降(jiang)要求不(bu)嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)或隨新建(jian)(jian)市(shi)政道路工(gong)(gong)(gong)程同時(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)采用(yong)(yong)。此種機(ji)型的(de)(de)缺點(dian)是頂速慢(man)、遇到流(liu)砂層時(shi)難以(yi)控制出(chu)土量(liang)，因此沉降(jiang)也是大(da)于(yu)(yu)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)所述幾種頂管掘(jue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)機(ji)。明確質量(liang)、安(an)全(quan)、節約措施(shi)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)作目標。泉州(zhou)DN2800水(shui)泥頂管施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)井

頂管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前，做(zuo)好各施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序的危險源辨識工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。漳州DN2400鋼管(guan)頂管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊

由于當時的頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)掘(jue)進(jin)機(ji)的設計還(huan)停(ting)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)比(bi)較原始的階段，既(ji)沒(mei)有(you)完整的設計施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)理論和工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝作(zuo)指導，也(ye)不考慮具體的地層條件，所以(yi)當時的頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)掘(jue)進(jin)機(ji)還(huan)不夠完善。土(tu)壓(ya)(ya)式(shi)(shi)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)當時分為上(shang)部出土(tu)和下部出土(tu)兩種，但都沒(mei)有(you)引(yin)入(ru)土(tu)壓(ya)(ya)力的概念(nian)。其中(zhong)，也(ye)搞(gao)了一些水沖頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的試驗。1967年(nian)前后(hou)，上(shang)海已(yi)研制成功人不必進(jin)入(ru)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子的小口徑遙控(kong)土(tu)壓(ya)(ya)式(shi)(shi)機(ji)械頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)，口徑有(you)700mm-1050mm多種規(gui)格(ge)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)他們的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)例中(zhong)，有(you)穿(chuan)過鐵(tie)路、公路的，也(ye)有(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一般道路下施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的。這些掘(jue)進(jin)機(ji)，全部是全斷面切削，采(cai)用(yong)皮帶輸(shu)送機(ji)出土(tu)。同時，已(yi)采(cai)用(yong)了液壓(ya)(ya)糾偏系統，并且糾偏油缸(gang)伸出的長度已(yi)用(yong)數(shu)字顯示。1978年(nian)前后(hou)，上(shang)海又研制成功適(shi)用(yong)于軟粘土(tu)和淤泥質(zhi)粘土(tu)的擠壓(ya)(ya)法頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，這種方法要求的覆(fu)土(tu)厚度較大的(大于2倍的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑)，但施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效率比(bi)普通手掘(jue)式(shi)(shi)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)提高1倍以(yi)上(shang)。漳州DN2400鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊

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