1)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)態(tai)重(zhong)復峰(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)UDRM在(zai)控制(zhi)極(ji)(ji)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路和晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)正向(xiang)阻斷(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)下，可(ke)以重(zhong)復加在(zai)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)兩端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正向(xiang)峰(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，其(qi)數(shu)(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)正向(xiang)轉折(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)小(xiao)100V。(2)反(fan)向(xiang)重(zhong)復峰(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)URRM在(zai)控制(zhi)極(ji)(ji)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路時(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)以重(zhong)復加在(zai)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)向(xiang)峰(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)數(shu)(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)規定(ding)比(bi)反(fan)向(xiang)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)小(xiao)100V。通(tong)(tong)常把UDRM與(yu)URRM中較小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)數(shu)(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)標作(zuo)器件(jian)型(xing)(xing)號(hao)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。由于瞬(shun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)也會使晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)遭到破壞，因(yin)而在(zai)選(xuan)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候，額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)應該為(wei)正常工作(zuo)峰(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2～3倍，作(zuo)為(wei)安全系(xi)數(shu)(shu)。(3)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)通(tong)(tong)態(tai)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)正向(xiang)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu))IT在(zai)環(huan)(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)不大于40oC和標準散熱即全導通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)下，晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)可(ke)以連(lian)續(xu)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工頻正弦半(ban)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)周期(qi)內)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)，稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)通(tong)(tong)態(tai)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)IT，簡稱(cheng)(cheng)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。(4)維(wei)持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)IH在(zai)規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)和控制(zhi)極(ji)(ji)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)下，維(wei)持元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)繼續(xu)導通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)**小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)維(wei)持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)IH。一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)幾(ji)十(shi)毫安～一(yi)(yi)百多毫安，其(qi)數(shu)(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)成(cheng)反(fan)比(bi)，在(zai)120攝氏(shi)度(du)時(shi)(shi)(shi)維(wei)持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)約(yue)為(wei)25攝氏(shi)度(du)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)半(ban)。當(dang)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)小(xiao)于這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)將(jiang)自動關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)。晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)用/晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)編輯(1)選(xuan)擇晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)：晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)有多種(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)，應根據應用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)要求合理(li)選(xuan)用。晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)承受(shou)反(fan)向(xiang)陽極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，不管(guan)(guan)門極(ji)(ji)承受(shou)何種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)都處(chu)于關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。上(shang)海進口(kou)DAWIN韓(han)國大衛模(mo)塊

金屬(shu)封(feng)裝晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)為螺栓形、平(ping)板形、圓殼(ke)形等(deng)多種(zhong)；塑(su)封(feng)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)為帶(dai)散(san)熱片型和不帶(dai)散(san)熱片型兩種(zhong)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)容量可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為大(da)(da)功率(lv)(lv)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、率(lv)(lv)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和小功率(lv)(lv)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)三(san)種(zhong)。通(tong)常，大(da)(da)功率(lv)(lv)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)多采(cai)用(yong)(yong)陶(tao)瓷封(feng)裝，而中(zhong)、小功率(lv)(lv)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)則(ze)多采(cai)用(yong)(yong)塑(su)封(feng)或(huo)金屬(shu)封(feng)裝。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)其(qi)關斷速(su)(su)度可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為普(pu)通(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和快(kuai)速(su)(su)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，快(kuai)速(su)(su)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)包括(kuo)所(suo)有(you)(you)專為快(kuai)速(su)(su)應用(yong)(yong)而設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，有(you)(you)常規的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)(su)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和工作在(zai)更(geng)高(gao)頻率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)頻晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)別應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)400HZ和10KHZ以上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斬波或(huo)逆(ni)變電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)。（備注：高(gao)頻不能等(deng)同于(yu)快(kuai)速(su)(su)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)）晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)與(yu)工作原理：我們(men)分(fen)(fen)析晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)與(yu)原理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候可(ke)(ke)以把它看作由一(yi)(yi)個(ge)PNP管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和一(yi)(yi)個(ge)NPN管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)所(suo)組成(cheng)(cheng)，其(qi)等(deng)效圖(tu)(tu)解如上(shang)(shang)圖(tu)(tu)所(suo)當陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)A加上(shang)(shang)正(zheng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)，BG1和BG2管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)均(jun)處(chu)于(yu)放大(da)(da)狀態。此(ci)時(shi)，如果(guo)從(cong)控制極(ji)(ji)(ji)G輸入一(yi)(yi)個(ge)正(zheng)向(xiang)觸發信號，BG2便有(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)流(liu)ib2流(liu)過，經(jing)BG2放大(da)(da)，其(qi)集電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)ic2=β2ib2。因為BG2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)直接(jie)與(yu)BG1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)相連，所(suo)以ib1=ic2。此(ci)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)ic2再經(jing)BG1放大(da)(da)，于(yu)是(shi)BG1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)ic1=β1ib1=β1β2ib2。這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)又(you)(you)流(liu)回到BG2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，表成(cheng)(cheng)正(zheng)反饋(kui)，使ib2不斷增(zeng)大(da)(da)，如此(ci)正(zheng)向(xiang)饋(kui)循環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)，兩個(ge)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)劇增(zeng)，可(ke)(ke)控硅使飽和導通(tong)。由于(yu)BG1和BG2所(suo)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)反饋(kui)作用(yong)(yong)。上(shang)(shang)海進(jin)口DAWIN韓國大(da)(da)衛模塊讓輸出電(dian)(dian)壓變得可(ke)(ke)調，也(ye)屬(shu)于(yu)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)典型應用(yong)(yong)。

晶閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)模塊基本的(de)(de)用途是可控(kong)整流。二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)用晶閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)代替二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，就可以(yi)形(xing)(xing)成可控(kong)整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。在正弦交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)U2的(de)(de)正半周(zhou)(zhou)內(nei)，如(ru)果vs的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)極(ji)不輸(shu)(shu)入觸(chu)發(fa)脈沖UG，vs仍不能接通(tong)。只有當U2處于(yu)正半周(zhou)(zhou)時(shi)，當觸(chu)發(fa)脈沖UG施加(jia)到(dao)(dao)控(kong)制(zhi)極(ji)時(shi)，晶閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)才接通(tong)。現在，繪制(zhi)其波(bo)形(xing)(xing)(圖4(c)和(d))，可以(yi)看到(dao)(dao)只有當觸(chu)發(fa)脈沖UG到(dao)(dao)達(da)時(shi)，負(fu)(fu)載RL具有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)UL輸(shu)(shu)出(波(bo)形(xing)(xing)上的(de)(de)陰(yin)影)。當UG到(dao)(dao)達(da)較早時(shi)，晶閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)時(shi)間較早；UG到(dao)(dao)達(da)較晚時(shi)，晶閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)時(shi)間較晚。通(tong)過改(gai)變觸(chu)發(fa)脈沖Ug在控(kong)制(zhi)極(ji)上的(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)達(da)時(shi)間，可以(yi)調節(jie)負(fu)(fu)載上輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)平均UL(陰(yin)影部分的(de)(de)面(mian)積)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工技(ji)術中(zhong)，交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)半周(zhou)(zhou)常被設(she)定(ding)為180度，稱(cheng)(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)角。因此，在U2的(de)(de)每(mei)一個(ge)正半周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)中(zhong)，從(cong)零值到(dao)(dao)觸(chu)發(fa)脈沖到(dao)(dao)達(da)時(shi)刻的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)角稱(cheng)(cheng)為控(kong)制(zhi)角α，每(mei)個(ge)正半周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)中(zhong)晶閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)角稱(cheng)(cheng)為導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)角θ。顯然(ran)，α和θ都用來表(biao)示(shi)晶閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在正向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)半周(zhou)(zhou)內(nei)的(de)(de)通(tong)斷范圍。通(tong)過改(gai)變控(kong)制(zhi)角度0或導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)角theta，可通(tong)過改(gai)變負(fu)(fu)載上的(de)(de)脈沖直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)平均ul來實現可控(kong)整流器(qi)。

采(cai)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子線(xian)路(lu)(lu)進(jin)行(xing)保(bao)護等(deng)。目前常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)在回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)中接(jie)入吸(xi)收(shou)能量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元件(jian)，使能量得(de)以(yi)消散，常(chang)稱之為(wei)吸(xi)收(shou)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)或緩沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。（4）阻(zu)容(rong)吸(xi)收(shou)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)通(tong)常(chang)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)均具(ju)有(you)相對較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv)，因(yin)此我們常(chang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)可以(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)吸(xi)收(shou)作(zuo)用元件(jian)，為(wei)防(fang)止出(chu)現振蕩，常(chang)加阻(zu)尼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，構成阻(zu)容(rong)吸(xi)收(shou)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)。阻(zu)容(rong)吸(xi)收(shou)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)可接(jie)在控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流側、直(zhi)流側，或并(bing)接(jie)在晶(jing)閘管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)與(yu)陰(yin)極(ji)保(bao)護之間(jian)(jian)。吸(xi)收(shou)進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)設計好方法選用無感(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，接(jie)線(xian)應盡量短。（5）吸(xi)收(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)由(you)硒(xi)堆(dui)(dui)和變容(rong)器等(deng)非線(xian)性(xing)元件(jian)組(zu)成上(shang)述阻(zu)容(rong)吸(xi)收(shou)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)常(chang)數(shu)RC是(shi)固定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，有(you)時(shi)對時(shi)間(jian)(jian)短、峰值高、能量大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)來不及(ji)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，抑制過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果較差。因(yin)此，一般(ban)在變流裝置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)出(chu)線(xian)端還并(bing)有(you)硒(xi)堆(dui)(dui)或壓(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)等(deng)非線(xian)性(xing)元件(jian)。硒(xi)堆(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)點是(shi)其(qi)動作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)與(yu)溫度有(you)關，溫度越(yue)低(di)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)高；另外是(shi)硒(xi)堆(dui)(dui)具(ju)有(you)自恢(hui)復特(te)(te)(te)性(xing)，能多次使用，當過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)動作(zuo)后硒(xi)基片上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灼傷孔被溶化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硒(xi)重新覆(fu)蓋，又重新恢(hui)復其(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)特(te)(te)(te)性(xing)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是(shi)以(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)鋅為(wei)基體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)氧(yang)化(hua)物非線(xian)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，其(qi)結構為(wei)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)之間(jian)(jian)填充的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粒徑為(wei)10~50μm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不規(gui)則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ZNO微結晶(jing)，結晶(jing)粒間(jian)(jian)是(shi)厚約1μm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)鉍粒界(jie)層(ceng)。這個(ge)粒界(jie)層(ceng)在正常(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下呈高阻(zu)狀態，只(zhi)有(you)很小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，其(qi)值小于(yu)100μA。當加上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)。其(qi)特(te)(te)(te)點是(shi)在晶(jing)閘管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)與(yu)陰(yin)極(ji)之間(jian)(jian)反向并(bing)聯(lian)一只(zhi)二(er)極(ji)管，使陽極(ji)與(yu)陰(yin)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)射(she)結均呈短路(lu)(lu)狀態。

其產(chan)品(pin)應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)功(gong)率直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)開(kai)關(guan)、大(da)功(gong)率中(zhong)頻感應加(jia)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)源、超聲(sheng)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源、激光電(dian)(dian)(dian)源、雷達(da)(da)調制(zhi)(zhi)器及直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車輛(liang)調速(su)(su)(su)等領域。逆導(dao)(dao)(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管以往的(de)(de)(de)城市電(dian)(dian)(dian)車和地鐵機車為了(le)(le)便于(yu)(yu)(yu)調速(su)(su)(su)采用(yong)(yong)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)(yong)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)開(kai)關(guan)動作增加(jia)或減小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，改(gai)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)來控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)車輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)(su)度。但它(ta)有不能(neng)(neng)平滑起動和加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)。開(kai)關(guan)體(ti)積大(da)、壽命短，而(er)(er)且(qie)低(di)速(su)(su)(su)運行時耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)（減速(su)(su)(su)時消耗(hao)在啟(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)上(shang)）等缺(que)點(dian)。自有了(le)(le)逆導(dao)(dao)(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管，采用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)逆導(dao)(dao)(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、調節車速(su)(su)(su)，不*克服了(le)(le)上(shang)述(shu)缺(que)點(dian)，而(er)(er)且(qie)還降低(di)了(le)(le)功(gong)耗(hao)，提高(gao)了(le)(le)機車可(ke)靠(kao)性。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管逆導(dao)(dao)(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管是在普(pu)通(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管上(shang)反(fan)向(xiang)并(bing)聯一只二極(ji)(ji)(ji)管而(er)(er)成(cheng)（同(tong)做在一個硅片上(shang)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)等效電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)和符號(hao)(hao)如(ru)圖1所示(shi)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)是能(neng)(neng)反(fan)向(xiang)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)和陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)入反(fan)向(xiang)并(bing)聯的(de)(de)(de)二極(ji)(ji)(ji)管，可(ke)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)感負載關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)時產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓進行快速(su)(su)(su)釋放。目前已經能(neng)(neng)生(sheng)產(chan)出(chu)耐壓達(da)(da)到1500～2500V正(zheng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)達(da)(da)400A。吸收電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)達(da)(da)150A，關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)時間小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)30微(wei)秒(miao)的(de)(de)(de)逆導(dao)(dao)(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管。可(ke)關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管GTO（GateTurn-OffThyristor）亦稱門(men)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管。其主要特點(dian)為，當門(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)加(jia)負向(xiang)觸發(fa)信號(hao)(hao)時晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管能(neng)(neng)自行關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管前已述(shu)及，普(pu)通(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管（SCR）靠(kao)門(men)極(ji)(ji)(ji)正(zheng)信號(hao)(hao)觸發(fa)之(zhi)后，撤掉信號(hao)(hao)亦能(neng)(neng)維持通(tong)態。欲使之(zhi)關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)，必須切(qie)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。1957年美(mei)國(guo)通(tong)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器公司開(kai)發(fa)出(chu)世界上(shang)第1晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管產(chan)品(pin)，并(bing)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1958年使其商業化(hua)。上(shang)海(hai)進口(kou)DAWIN韓國(guo)大(da)衛(wei)模塊

晶(jing)閘管(guan)承受(shou)反向(xiang)陽極(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓時，不管(guan)門極(ji)承受(shou)何種電(dian)(dian)壓，晶(jing)閘管(guan)都處于反向(xiang)阻斷(duan)狀態。上海進口DAWIN韓國大衛模塊(kuai)

有(you)三個(ge)不(bu)同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A、陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K和控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G.可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中能夠實現(xian)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)觸(chu)點控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制，以(yi)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，并(bing)(bing)且不(bu)象繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)那樣控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制時(shi)(shi)有(you)火花產生，而且動作快、壽命長(chang)、可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)好。在(zai)調(diao)速(su)、調(diao)光、調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、調(diao)溫以(yi)及(ji)其他各種控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中都有(you)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身影(ying)。可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)分為單向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，符號也不(bu)同。單向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)有(you)三個(ge)PN結，由(you)外層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)P極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和N極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)引(yin)(yin)出兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，分別稱為陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，由(you)中間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)P極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)引(yin)(yin)出一個(ge)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)有(you)其獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點：當陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)合，陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)合或(huo)(huo)柵極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，但沒有(you)施加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)，它不(bu)導(dao)通，并(bing)(bing)且同時(shi)(shi)連接(jie)到陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和柵極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)，它將被關上。一旦(dan)開(kai)啟，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)有(you)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用失去了控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制，無(wu)論(lun)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)怎么(me)沒有(you)了，不(bu)管控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，將保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)接(jie)通狀態。關斷，只(zhi)有(you)在(zai)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)減小(xiao)到一個(ge)臨界值，或(huo)(huo)反(fan)之(zhi)亦然。大多數雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)引(yin)(yin)腳按t1、t2、g順序從(cong)左到右(you)排列(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)引(yin)(yin)腳向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下，面向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)側面有(you)字符)。當施加(jia)到控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)g上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觸(chu)發脈(mo)沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)或(huo)(huo)時(shi)(shi)間改(gai)變時(shi)(shi)，其傳導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)改(gai)變。與單向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區別是(shi)，雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)G極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上觸(chu)發一個(ge)脈(mo)沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)改(gai)變時(shi)(shi)，其導(dao)通方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)就隨著不(bu)同極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化而改(gai)變，從(cong)而能夠進(jin)(jin)行控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制提供交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統負載。上海進(jin)(jin)口DAWIN韓國大衛模塊

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