我們(men)可以把(ba)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)描繪成一(yi)棵枝(zhi)葉茂(mao)盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大樹(shu)：生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)構成樹(shu)根(gen)；代(dai)理商(shang)則是主干；分銷(xiao)商(shang)是樹(shu)枝(zhi)和樹(shu)梢(shao)；滿樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠葉紅花是用(yong)戶(hu)；在(zai)根(gen)與主干、枝(zhi)與干的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)個(ge)結(jie)點，蘊藏(zang)著一(yi)次次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)通，遍(bian)體(ti)相(xiang)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脈絡便(bian)是信(xin)息管(guan)理系統。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)上(shang)各(ge)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系與生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏈(lian)(lian)類似。在(zai)“草—兔子(zi)—狼(lang)—獅(shi)子(zi)”這(zhe)樣一(yi)個(ge)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏈(lian)(lian)中(zhong)（為便(bian)于論(lun)述，假設在(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)自然環境(jing)中(zhong)只(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)這(zhe)四種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)），如果我們(men)把(ba)兔子(zi)全部殺掉，那么(me)草就會瘋長起來，狼(lang)也(ye)(ye)會因兔子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅絕而餓死，連厲害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獅(shi)子(zi)也(ye)(ye)會因狼(lang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)死亡而慢(man)慢(man)餓死。可見(jian)，食(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏈(lian)(lian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每一(yi)種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之間(jian)是相(xiang)互依存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，破壞食(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏈(lian)(lian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任何一(yi)種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，勢必導致(zhi)這(zhe)條食(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鏈(lian)(lian)失(shi)去(qu)平衡(heng)，破壞人類賴以生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)。同(tong)樣道理，在(zai)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)“企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)A—企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)B—企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)C”中(zhong)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)A是企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)B的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原材(cai)料(liao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)C是企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)B的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)銷(xiao)售商(shang)。如果企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)B忽視了供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)中(zhong)各(ge)要(yao)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)互依存(cun)關系，而過分注重自身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內部發展(zhan)，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)高，但(dan)如果企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)A不(bu)能及(ji)時向他提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)原材(cai)料(liao)，或者企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)C的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銷(xiao)售能力跟不(bu)上(shang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)B產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，那么(me)我們(men)可以得出這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)論(lun)：企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)B生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)不(bu)適應(ying)這(zhe)條供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)效率。注：“價值鏈(lian)(lian)”，它(ta)與供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)是同(tong)一(yi)個(ge)觀念。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理需(xu)要(yao)進行物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)管(guan)理，以實現(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)效率和成本控制。茂(mao)名農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)服務(wu)公司

國家標準《物(wu)流術(shu)(shu)(shu)語》將其定(ding)義(yi)為生(sheng)產與(yu)流通(tong)(tong)過程中(zhong)所涉及將產品或服務(wu)(wu)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)給用戶的(de)上(shang)游與(yu)下游企業(ye)所形成的(de)網(wang)鏈(lian)(lian)結構。隨著3G、4G，甚(shen)至5G移(yi)動(dong)網(wang)絡不斷迭(die)代(dai)，供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)已經(jing)進入了移(yi)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)。移(yi)動(dong)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)，是利用無線網(wang)絡實現供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)。它將原有(you)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)系(xi)統上(shang)的(de)客戶關系(xi)管(guan)理(li)功能(neng)遷移(yi)到手機。移(yi)動(dong)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)系(xi)統具有(you)傳統供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)系(xi)統無法比擬的(de)優越性。移(yi)動(dong)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)系(xi)統使業(ye)務(wu)(wu)擺脫時(shi)(shi)間和場(chang)所局限，隨時(shi)(shi)隨地與(yu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)進行業(ye)務(wu)(wu)平臺溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)，有(you)效(xiao)提(ti)(ti)高管(guan)理(li)效(xiao)率，推動(dong)企業(ye)效(xiao)益增(zeng)長。數碼星辰的(de)移(yi)動(dong)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)系(xi)統就是一個集3G移(yi)動(dong)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)、智能(neng)移(yi)動(dong)終端、VPN、身份認(ren)證(zheng)、地理(li)信息系(xi)統（GIS）、Webservice、商業(ye)智能(neng)等(deng)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)于一體的(de)移(yi)動(dong)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)產品。供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)在快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)服務(wu)(wu)，快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)服務(wu)(wu)亦成為電子商務(wu)(wu)須(xu)臾不可(ke)離開的(de)“供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)”，每一單商品都要依(yi)賴快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)遞(di)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)的(de)投(tou)送來完(wan)成“門(men)對門(men)”的(de)服務(wu)(wu)。潮州生(sheng)鮮供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)需要考慮供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)效(xiao)率管(guan)理(li)，如優化供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)流程、提(ti)(ti)高生(sheng)產效(xiao)率等(deng)，提(ti)(ti)高供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)效(xiao)率和降低成本。

根據穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)不同劃(hua)分(fen)（1）穩(wen)定(ding)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：基于相(xiang)對(dui)穩(wen)定(ding)、單一(yi)的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)需(xu)(xu)求而組成(cheng)的(de)(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)較(jiao)強。（2）動態(tai)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：基于相(xiang)對(dui)頻繁變化(hua)(hua)、復雜(za)的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求而組成(cheng)的(de)(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)動態(tai)性(xing)較(jiao)高(gao)。根據容(rong)量(liang)需(xu)(xu)求不同劃(hua)分(fen)（1）平衡(heng)的(de)(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：一(yi)個(ge)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)具有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)、相(xiang)對(dui)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)設(she)備容(rong)量(liang)和生(sheng)產能(neng)力（所有(you)節點企(qi)業(ye)能(neng)力的(de)(de)綜(zong)合，包(bao)括供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)、制造商(shang)、運輸商(shang)、分(fen)銷商(shang)、零售商(shang)等(deng)），但用戶需(xu)(xu)求處于不斷(duan)變化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，當供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)能(neng)滿足用戶需(xu)(xu)求時(shi)，供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)處于平衡(heng)狀態(tai)。（2）傾斜的(de)(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：當市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)變化(hua)(hua)加(jia)劇，造成(cheng)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)成(cheng)本增加(jia)、庫存增加(jia)、浪費增加(jia)等(deng)現象時(shi)，企(qi)業(ye)不是在優狀態(tai)下運作(zuo)，供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)則(ze)處于傾斜狀態(tai)。

供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)對(dui)促進物(wu)流快(kuai)速健(jian)(jian)康發(fa)展(zhan)具有(you)重要作(zuo)(zuo)用，從社會發(fa)展(zhan)來(lai)看(kan)，電(dian)子商(shang)務的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)帶動了物(wu)流產業的(de)(de)快(kuai)速發(fa)展(zhan)，物(wu)流產業在新的(de)(de)機遇(yu)面前如何提高整體水平，實(shi)現快(kuai)速健(jian)(jian)康發(fa)展(zhan)，成為(wei)了物(wu)流企(qi)業的(de)(de)重要發(fa)展(zhan)目標。基于這(zhe)一(yi)現實(shi)需要，物(wu)流企(qi)業只有(you)積極利用供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)這(zhe)一(yi)有(you)力手段(duan)，強化供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)流程(cheng)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，使供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)成為(wei)物(wu)流企(qi)業的(de)(de)重要支撐，才能保證物(wu)流企(qi)業獲得快(kuai)速健(jian)(jian)康發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)局面。為(wei)此，我們應(ying)(ying)(ying)認識到供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)對(dui)物(wu)流企(qi)業的(de)(de)重要作(zuo)(zuo)用和(he)影響，正(zheng)確運用供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)這(zhe)一(yi)有(you)效手段(duan)。供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)需要不(bu)斷創新和(he)改進，以適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)市場變化和(he)客戶(hu)需求。

集成化供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)思(si)想（VMI思(si)想-聯合庫存(cun)(cun)(cun)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)思(si)想）:打破傳統的(de)(de)各自為(wei)(wei)政的(de)(de)庫存(cun)(cun)(cun)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)模式，把供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需雙(shuang)方和管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)捆(kun)綁在(zai)(zai)(zai)一起，由供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方實施對庫存(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。體(ti)(ti)現原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)：合作性(xing)(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)；互惠原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)（雙(shuang)方成本較(jiao)低）；框架(jia)(jia)協議（目標一致(zhi)性(xing)(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)）；總體(ti)(ti)優化原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)。好處(chu)：降低供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈的(de)(de)庫存(cun)(cun)(cun)水平，降低成本；使用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)獲得高水平的(de)(de)服(fu)務(wu)；建立(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)與零售商(shang)的(de)(de)合作框架(jia)(jia)；組織結構的(de)(de)變(bian)革。運作方式：供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)包括所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)產品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)軟(ruan)件進(jin)行和決(jue)(jue)策(ce)，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)也可(ke)以使用(yong)(yong)該軟(ruan)件執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)或了解存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)狀態；供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行決(jue)(jue)策(ce)并(bing)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)，但是存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)權(quan)歸用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)；供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)并(bing)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)沒有(you)(you)出(chu)貨(huo)(huo)前供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)擁有(you)(you)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)權(quan)；供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)不在(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地，但是定期派人(ren)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)、管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)擁有(you)(you)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)權(quan)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)需要進(jin)行法(fa)(fa)律合規(gui)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，以遵(zun)守法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規(gui)和規(gui)范經營行為(wei)(wei)。汕(shan)頭農產品(pin)(pin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈方案

供(gong)應(ying)鏈管理需要(yao)進(jin)行生產(chan)計劃和控制(zhi)管理，以(yi)實(shi)現生產(chan)效率(lv)和質量。茂名農產(chan)品供(gong)應(ying)鏈服務(wu)公(gong)司

供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)類型眾多，按照不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分類標準可分為(wei)不同(tong)類型：1、根據范(fan)圍不同(tong)劃分，1）內部供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：指企(qi)(qi)業內部產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)流通過程(cheng)(cheng)中所(suo)涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)采購部門、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)部門、倉儲部門、銷售部門等組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)網(wang)絡(luo)。（2）外部供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：指企(qi)(qi)業外部的(de)(de)(de)(de)，與(yu)企(qi)(qi)業相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)流通過程(cheng)(cheng)中涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)材料供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠商(shang)(shang)(shang)、儲運商(shang)(shang)(shang)、零售商(shang)(shang)(shang)以及(ji)消費(fei)者組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)網(wang)絡(luo)。內部供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)和(he)外部供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)共同(tong)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)了企(qi)(qi)業產(chan)(chan)品(pin)從原(yuan)材料到(dao)(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)到(dao)(dao)消費(fei)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)。2、根據復雜程(cheng)(cheng)度不同(tong)劃分，1）直接(jie)型供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：在產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、服(fu)務(wu)、資金(jin)和(he)信息(xi)(xi)在往(wang)(wang)上(shang)游(you)(you)和(he)下游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流動過程(cheng)(cheng)中，由(you)公司(si)(si)(si)、此(ci)公司(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)和(he)此(ci)公司(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。（2）擴展型供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：把直接(jie)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)和(he)直接(jie)客戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu)包(bao)含在內，左右這些成(cheng)(cheng)員均參與(yu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、服(fu)務(wu)、資金(jin)和(he)信息(xi)(xi)往(wang)(wang)上(shang)游(you)(you)和(he)下游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流動過程(cheng)(cheng)。（3）終(zhong)端型供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：包(bao)括(kuo)參與(yu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、服(fu)務(wu)、資金(jin)、信息(xi)(xi)從終(zhong)端供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)到(dao)(dao)終(zhong)端消費(fei)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有往(wang)(wang)上(shang)游(you)(you)和(he)下游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流動過程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有組(zu)(zu)織。茂(mao)名農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)服(fu)務(wu)公司(si)(si)(si)

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