二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)工作(zuo)原理(li)(li)是(shi)當(dang)外界(jie)有正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏(pian)置時(shi)，外界(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和自建電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)互(hu)相抑消作(zuo)用(yong)使載流子的(de)擴散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流增加引起了正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。當(dang)外界(jie)有反(fan)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏(pian)置時(shi)，外界(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)和自建電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)進一步加強(qiang)，形成在(zai)一定反(fan)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范圍內與(yu)反(fan)向(xiang)偏(pian)置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)無(wu)關(guan)的(de)反(fan)向(xiang)飽和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流I0。大(da)部分二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)所具備的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)性我(wo)們通(tong)常(chang)稱之為“整(zheng)流（Rectifying）”功能。二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)較普遍的(de)功能就是(shi)只允許(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流由(you)單一方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)通(tong)過(guo)（稱為順向(xiang)偏(pian)壓(ya)），反(fan)向(xiang)時(shi)阻斷（稱為逆向(xiang)偏(pian)壓(ya)）。因此，二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)可以想成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子版的(de)逆止閥。然(ran)而(er)(er)實際上(shang)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)并不會(hui)表(biao)現出如此完(wan)美的(de)開(kai)(kai)與(yu)關(guan)的(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)性，而(er)(er)是(shi)較為復雜的(de)非(fei)線(xian)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子特(te)征——這是(shi)由(you)特(te)定類型的(de)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)技(ji)術決定的(de)。二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)使用(yong)上(shang)除(chu)了用(yong)做開(kai)(kai)關(guan)的(de)方(fang)(fang)式之外還有很多其他的(de)功能。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流理(li)(li)想二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)在(zai)端子上(shang)施加任何正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)都包括無(wu)限的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。惠(hui)州電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)分類

二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)又(you)稱晶體二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan),簡稱二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(diode)，另外，還有(you)早期的(de)(de)(de)(de)真空電(dian)子二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)；它是一(yi)種具(ju)有(you)單向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)傳(chuan)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)子器(qi)件。在(zai)半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)內部(bu)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)PN結(jie)兩個(ge)引(yin)線端子，這種電(dian)子器(qi)件按照外加(jia)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，具(ju)備單向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉導(dao)(dao)性。一(yi)般來講，晶體二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)是一(yi)個(ge)由p型半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體和(he)n型半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體燒結(jie)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)p-n結(jie)界面(mian)。在(zai)其界面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩側(ce)形(xing)成空間電(dian)荷層(ceng)，構成自(zi)建電(dian)場。當外加(jia)電(dian)壓(ya)等于(yu)零時，由于(yu)p-n結(jie)兩邊載流子的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度差引(yin)起擴散電(dian)流和(he)由自(zi)建電(dian)場引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)漂移電(dian)流相(xiang)等而處(chu)于(yu)電(dian)平衡狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)，這也(ye)是常(chang)態(tai)(tai)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)特性。廣州激(ji)光二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)分類穩壓(ya)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)實質上是一(yi)個(ge)面(mian)結(jie)型硅二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)，穩壓(ya)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)工作在(zai)反向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)擊(ji)穿狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。

二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)是用半導(dao)(dao)(dao)體材(cai)料(硅、硒、鍺)制成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)一種電(dian)子(zi)器(qi)件，它(ta)具有單向導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)性(xing)能(neng)，即給(gei)二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)陽極(ji)(ji)和陰極(ji)(ji)加(jia)(jia)上正向電(dian)壓時，二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)。當給(gei)陽極(ji)(ji)和陰極(ji)(ji)加(jia)(jia)上反向電(dian)壓時，二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)截止，因此，二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)和截止，則(ze)相(xiang)當于開關的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)與(yu)斷開。而(er)我們講的(de)(de)(de)是一種特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)，理(li)想二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)。在電(dian)子(zi)上，它(ta)不僅起著安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、固定、密封(feng)、保護芯片(pian)(pian)及增(zeng)強電(dian)熱性(xing)能(neng)等方面的(de)(de)(de)作用，而(er)且(qie)還通(tong)過芯片(pian)(pian)上的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)點用導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)連接(jie)(jie)到(dao)封(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)外(wai)殼的(de)(de)(de)引腳上，這些引腳又通(tong)過印刷電(dian)路板(ban)上的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)與(yu)其他器(qi)件相(xiang)連接(jie)(jie)，從(cong)而(er)實現內部(bu)(bu)芯片(pian)(pian)與(yu)外(wai)部(bu)(bu)電(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)(jie)。因為芯片(pian)(pian)必須與(yu)外(wai)界隔離，以防(fang)止空(kong)氣中的(de)(de)(de)雜質對芯片(pian)(pian)電(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)而(er)造成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng)下降。另(ling)一方面，封(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)后的(de)(de)(de)芯片(pian)(pian)也更(geng)便于安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和運輸(shu)。

理(li)(li)想二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)其實說到(dao)底還(huan)是(shi)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，理(li)(li)想二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)就是(shi)正(zheng)向(xiang)壓(ya)降為(wei)(wei)0，反(fan)向(xiang)漏電流為(wei)(wei)0的(de)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，這種(zhong)(zhong)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)只(zhi)存在(zai)與理(li)(li)論研究中，只(zhi)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)假設(she)，如為(wei)(wei)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)壓(ya)降，沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)損(sun)耗，反(fan)向(xiang)不會擊穿等(deng)理(li)(li)想狀(zhuang)態，而(er)實際二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)達不到(dao)的(de)。由(you)于(yu)傳統二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)它的(de)PN結是(shi)有(you)壓(ya)差(cha)的(de)，這個(ge)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)是(shi)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)辦法解決的(de)。壓(ya)差(cha)越小，功率損(sun)耗也就越小，降低二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)壓(ya)差(cha)成為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，但是(shi)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從誕生至(zhi)今都沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)方法能(neng)完(wan)美的(de)解決這個(ge)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，所以理(li)(li)想二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)只(zhi)能(neng)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)設(she)計，引導我(wo)們換一(yi)個(ge)角度思(si)考(kao)。比較大整流電流是(shi)指二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)長期連續(xu)工作時允許通過的(de)比較大正(zheng)向(xiang)電流值，PN結面積及外部散(san)熱條(tiao)件等(deng)有(you)關.

二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)一種具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)單向(xiang)(xiang)導電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)端器件，有(you)(you)(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)子二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)晶體二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之分，電(dian)(dian)子二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)現已很(hen)少見到(dao)，比(bi)較常(chang)見和(he)常(chang)用的(de)(de)多(duo)是(shi)晶體二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)單向(xiang)(xiang)導電(dian)(dian)特性，幾乎(hu)在所有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，都要(yao)用到(dao)半(ban)導體二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，它在許多(duo)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中起著重要(yao)的(de)(de)作用，它是(shi)誕(dan)生較早的(de)(de)半(ban)導體器件之一，其應(ying)用也非常(chang)廣。二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)：硅二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（不(bu)發(fa)(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)類型）正向(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)0.7V，鍺管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)正向(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)為0.3V，發(fa)(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)正向(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)會隨不(bu)同(tong)發(fa)(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)顏色(se)(se)(se)而不(bu)同(tong)。主要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)三種顏色(se)(se)(se)，具(ju)體壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)參考值如下：紅色(se)(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)為2.0--2.2V，黃色(se)(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)為1.8—2.0V，綠色(se)(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)為3.0—3.2V，正常(chang)發(fa)(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)時(shi)的(de)(de)額定電(dian)(dian)流約為20mA。在二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)制造工藝上(shang)，使它有(you)(you)(you)(you)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)擊穿(chuan)特性。穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)恒(heng)定。廣州激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分類

在規定散熱條件下，二(er)極管(guan)(guan)使用中(zhong)不要超過二(er)極管(guan)(guan)比較大整流電流值。惠州(zhou)電子二(er)極管(guan)(guan)分類

正(zheng)向(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)特(te)性和(he)一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)相同。雖然其反方(fang)向(xiang)耐壓(ya)也是(shi)特(te)別地高，但反向(xiang)電(dian)流小，因此其特(te)長(chang)是(shi)反向(xiang)電(dian)阻(zu)高。使(shi)用(yong)于高輸入電(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)路和(he)高阻(zu)負(fu)荷電(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)路中，就(jiu)鍺(zang)材(cai)料高反向(xiang)電(dian)阻(zu)型(xing)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)而(er)言，SD54、1N54A等(deng)等(deng)屬于這(zhe)類二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)。是(shi)比較(jiao)大(da)峰值反向(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)和(he)比較(jiao)大(da)直流反向(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)很高的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品。使(shi)用(yong)于高壓(ya)電(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)檢波(bo)和(he)整流。這(zhe)種(zhong)型(xing)號的(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)一(yi)般(ban)正(zheng)向(xiang)特(te)性不太好或一(yi)般(ban)。在點接觸型(xing)鍺(zang)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)中，有(you)SD38、1N38A、OA81等(deng)等(deng)。這(zhe)種(zhong)鍺(zang)材(cai)料二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)，其耐壓(ya)受到限制。要求(qiu)更高時(shi)有(you)硅合金和(he)擴散型(xing)。惠州電(dian)子(zi)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)分類

本文來(lai)自(zi)四(si)川精(jing)碳偉業環(huan)保(bao)科技有限(xian)責任公司：//wasul.cn/Article/80e9199828.html