使用(yong)FTA時，可(ke)以確(que)定導(dao)致(zhi)頂(ding)層(ceng)事(shi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組件(jian)或部分(fen)系統(tong)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邏輯連接，并(bing)通過(guo)圖形(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)式顯示(shi)出來(lai)。這個(ge)分(fen)析的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義不(bu)僅只是揭示(shi)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)，還包(bao)括他們之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)函數相關(guan)性(xing)。通過(guo)FTA，可(ke)以達(da)到(dao)以下目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：確(que)定所有會導(dao)致(zhi)頂(ding)層(ceng)事(shi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)和失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)關(guan)系以及(ji)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)原因(yin)。顯示(shi)特(te)別(bie)重大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)件(jian)和時間(jian)(jian)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)聯（比如會導(dao)致(zhi)頂(ding)層(ceng)事(shi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能）。需要(yao)時可(ke)以計(ji)算可(ke)靠性(xing)參量，比如頂(ding)層(ceng)事(shi)件(jian)發生概(gai)率或系統(tong)有效(xiao)性(xing)。達(da)到(dao)系統(tong)概(gai)念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客觀評價標準。獲得關(guan)于失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)機(ji)制和其(qi)函數相關(guan)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清晰且(qie)簡單易(yi)懂(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)檔。FTA故(gu)障(zhang)樹分(fen)析需要(yao)進(jin)行多種(zhong)溝通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式和渠道，包(bao)括面對面交(jiao)流、在線會議、電(dian)子郵件(jian)等。西(xi)安FTA集成加密系統(tong)

簡單(dan)描述(shu)了故障(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)中出(chu)(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)每(mei)個(ge)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)符號(hao)，簡化起見，下表中的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)符號(hao)只有(you)一個(ge)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)和(或(huo))一個(ge)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。底(di)(di)(di)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(BottomEvent)：只導致其他事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)原因(yin)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。底(di)(di)(di)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)位于所討論(lun)的(de)(de)故障(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)底(di)(di)(di)端，總是(shi)某個(ge)邏輯門的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)不是(shi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。底(di)(di)(di)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)分(fen)為(wei)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)與未(wei)探(tan)明(ming)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。基(ji)本(ben)(ben)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(BasicEvent，BE)：無須(xu)探(tan)明(ming)其發(fa)生(sheng)原因(yin)的(de)(de)底(di)(di)(di)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。BE位于故障(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)底(di)(di)(di)端，是(shi)頂事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)根本(ben)(ben)原因(yin)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。基(ji)本(ben)(ben)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用圓形符號(hao)表示，它有(you)一個(ge)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)，但(dan)(dan)沒有(you)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。未(wei)探(tan)明(ming)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(UnderdevelopedEvent)：原則上應(ying)進(jin)一步探(tan)明(ming)其原因(yin)但(dan)(dan)暫時不必或(huo)者暫時不能探(tan)明(ming)其原因(yin)的(de)(de)底(di)(di)(di)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不是(shi)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，但(dan)(dan)沒有(you)足夠的(de)(de)信息來發(fa)展一個(ge)子(zi)樹(shu)(shu)，這樣的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)被(bei)標記(ji)為(wei)未(wei)探(tan)明(ming)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。未(wei)探(tan)明(ming)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用菱(ling)形表示。成(cheng)都FTA質量過程FTA故障(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)分(fen)析需要進(jin)行多(duo)種溝(gou)通(tong)的(de)(de)保密和安全(quan)，包(bao)括保護(hu)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權、保護(hu)商業機(ji)密、保護(hu)個(ge)人隱私(si)等。

結(jie)果事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(ResultantEvent)：由其(qi)他事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)合所導致(zhi)的(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。結(jie)果事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)總(zong)位于某個邏(luo)(luo)輯門(men)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端結(jie)果，分為(wei)頂(ding)(ding)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)中間事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，用(yong)矩(ju)形(xing)符(fu)(fu)號(hao)表(biao)示(shi)。頂(ding)(ding)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(TopEvent，TE)：所有(you)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)聯合發生(sheng)作用(yong)的(de)結(jie)果事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。頂(ding)(ding)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)位于故障樹(shu)的(de)頂(ding)(ding)端，總(zong)是(shi)(shi)所討論故障樹(shu)中邏(luo)(luo)輯門(men)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)不是(shi)(shi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作。頂(ding)(ding)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)矩(ju)形(xing)符(fu)(fu)號(hao)表(biao)示(shi)，它有(you)一個輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)，但沒有(you)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)。中間事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(IntermediateEvent)：位于底事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)頂(ding)(ding)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之間的(de)結(jie)果事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。中間事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)既是(shi)(shi)某個邏(luo)(luo)輯門(men)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，同(tong)時又是(shi)(shi)別的(de)邏(luo)(luo)輯門(men)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。BE引(yin)起(qi)(qi)中間事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，而(er)(er)中間事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)會引(yin)起(qi)(qi)TE。中間事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)矩(ju)形(xing)表(biao)示(shi)，它有(you)一個輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)和(he)一個輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)。

在分(fen)析(xi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)時，開始建立的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)樹往(wang)往(wang)不是(shi)簡(jian)(jian)單的(de)(de)，所(suo)以可(ke)以對(dui)其進(jin)行簡(jian)(jian)化(hua)(hua)。常(chang)用的(de)(de)簡(jian)(jian)化(hua)(hua)方法是(shi)借助(zhu)于邏(luo)輯代數的(de)(de)邏(luo)輯規(gui)則(ze)進(jin)行簡(jian)(jian)化(hua)(hua)。因此，首先介紹(shao)了幾(ji)種基本(ben)的(de)(de)邏(luo)輯關系(xi)(xi)和邏(luo)輯運算規(gui)則(ze)，以及(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)樹的(de)(de)結構功能，舉例說明了簡(jian)(jian)化(hua)(hua)方法。什么是(shi)FTA故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)樹分(fen)析(xi)法？FTA是(shi)英文FaultTreeAnalysis的(de)(de)簡(jian)(jian)寫，意(yi)思(si)是(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)樹分(fen)析(xi)，是(shi)一(yi)種從上往(wang)下從需(xu)要分(fen)析(xi)的(de)(de)頂(ding)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)開始，逐步向下追(zhui)查導致故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)發(fa)生的(de)(de)原因直到較底層(ceng)的(de)(de)基本(ben)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)（底事(shi)(shi)件(jian)）。因為整(zheng)個結構形似樹狀，所(suo)以稱(cheng)之為故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)樹。FTA故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)樹分(fen)析(xi)可(ke)以幫助(zhu)制(zhi)定應(ying)急計劃(hua)，以應(ying)對(dui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中發(fa)生意(yi)外事(shi)(shi)件(jian)或故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)可(ke)能性。

表(biao)決(jue)(jue)門(men)(men)(men)(k/N；VotingGate；CombinatorialGate)：表(biao)示(shi)只(zhi)當N個輸(shu)(shu)入事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中有k個或k個以(yi)上的(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)時(shi)，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)才發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。表(biao)決(jue)(jue)門(men)(men)(men)符(fu)號類似于(yu)或門(men)(men)(men)，在(zai)(zai)底端寫有"k/N"。或門(men)(men)(men)和(he)與(yu)門(men)(men)(men)都(dou)是(shi)表(biao)決(jue)(jue)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)特例，當k=1時(shi)是(shi)或門(men)(men)(men)，當k=N時(shi)是(shi)與(yu)門(men)(men)(men)。禁(jin)門(men)(men)(men)(InhibitGate)：類似于(yu)與(yu)門(men)(men)(men)，表(biao)示(shi)只(zhi)當條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)時(shi)，輸(shu)(shu)入事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)才導致(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。其符(fu)號是(shi)一個六邊形(xing)。輸(shu)(shu)入事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)連(lian)(lian)接在(zai)(zai)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)正下方(fang)，頂部是(shi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，而條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)連(lian)(lian)接在(zai)(zai)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)右(you)邊。非門(men)(men)(men)(NotGate)：表(biao)示(shi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)輸(shu)(shu)人事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)對立事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或動作的(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)稱之(zhi)為事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)符(fu)號用于(yu)表(biao)示(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)中間事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。主(zhu)要(yao)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不會在(zai)(zai)故障樹上進一步發(fa)(fa)展，在(zai)(zai)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)處(chu)可以(yi)找到中間事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。在(zai)(zai)FTA故障樹分析中，需要(yao)根(gen)據故障發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)各種可能性(xing)和(he)概(gai)率，確定(ding)分析結果的(de)準確性(xing)。成都(dou)FTA質(zhi)量(liang)過程

FTA故障(zhang)樹(shu)分析的應用范圍普遍，包括航(hang)空、航(hang)天(tian)、核能、電力、交通、醫療、化(hua)工、制(zhi)造等領域(yu)。西安FTA集(ji)成加密系統

FTA有哪些特(te)點？聰脈（上(shang)海）信息(xi)技術(shu)(shu)有限公司小編介紹，故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)樹(shu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)作為(wei)管理人員(yuan)及維(wei)修(xiu)人員(yuan)的一個形象的管理、維(wei)修(xiu)指南，因此(ci)，用(yong)來培訓長期使(shi)用(yong)大(da)型復雜系統的人員(yuan)更有意義；通(tong)過故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)樹(shu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)定量(liang)的求出(chu)復雜系統的失效概(gai)率和(he)其他可(ke)(ke)靠性特(te)征量(liang)，為(wei)改(gai)進和(he)評(ping)估系統的可(ke)(ke)靠性提供定量(liang)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)；故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)樹(shu)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)的發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與電(dian)子計算(suan)機技術(shu)(shu)的發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)緊(jin)密相聯(lian)，圖像信息(xi)技術(shu)(shu)也已經應用(yong)在故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)樹(shu)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)中(zhong)，因此(ci)，編制計算(suan)程(cheng)序(xu)是故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)樹(shu)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)中(zhong)不可(ke)(ke)缺少的一部分(fen)；數(shu)據(ju)(ju)收集(ji)困難。西(xi)安FTA集(ji)成加密系統

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